The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is increasing globally and the age of onset is gradually decreasing. MetS is associated with serious health problems and presents an early risk for adult morbidity and mortality. From 2014–2019, we investigated the relationship between MetS and h...

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Autores principales: Choi, Moonyoung, Han, Joungkyue, Kim, Yonghwan, Chung, Jinwook
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34572244
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090812
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author Choi, Moonyoung
Han, Joungkyue
Kim, Yonghwan
Chung, Jinwook
author_facet Choi, Moonyoung
Han, Joungkyue
Kim, Yonghwan
Chung, Jinwook
author_sort Choi, Moonyoung
collection PubMed
description Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is increasing globally and the age of onset is gradually decreasing. MetS is associated with serious health problems and presents an early risk for adult morbidity and mortality. From 2014–2019, we investigated the relationship between MetS and health behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and nutrition education in Korean adolescents (boys: 1235, girls: 1087, age: 13–18 years) based on household income; the relationship with hand grip strength was also evaluated. The prevalence of MetS was 8.8% in boys and 5.1% in girls; in the lowest income households, the risk increased ~1.5-fold for boys and ~4-fold for girls, whereas risks of smoking and alcohol use increased 1.81 vs. 2.34 times, and 2.34 vs. 2.37 times for boys and girls, respectively. In adolescents with the weakest grip strength, the risk of MetS increased 9.62 and 7.79 times in boys and girls, respectively. Girls lacking nutrition education exhibited a 1.67-fold increased risk of MetS, but this was not significant in boys. Low household income increased the risk of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption in both sexes, and together with low hand grip strength, was an important predictor for developing MetS.
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spelling pubmed-84650562021-09-27 The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households Choi, Moonyoung Han, Joungkyue Kim, Yonghwan Chung, Jinwook Children (Basel) Article Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is increasing globally and the age of onset is gradually decreasing. MetS is associated with serious health problems and presents an early risk for adult morbidity and mortality. From 2014–2019, we investigated the relationship between MetS and health behaviors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and nutrition education in Korean adolescents (boys: 1235, girls: 1087, age: 13–18 years) based on household income; the relationship with hand grip strength was also evaluated. The prevalence of MetS was 8.8% in boys and 5.1% in girls; in the lowest income households, the risk increased ~1.5-fold for boys and ~4-fold for girls, whereas risks of smoking and alcohol use increased 1.81 vs. 2.34 times, and 2.34 vs. 2.37 times for boys and girls, respectively. In adolescents with the weakest grip strength, the risk of MetS increased 9.62 and 7.79 times in boys and girls, respectively. Girls lacking nutrition education exhibited a 1.67-fold increased risk of MetS, but this was not significant in boys. Low household income increased the risk of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption in both sexes, and together with low hand grip strength, was an important predictor for developing MetS. MDPI 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8465056/ /pubmed/34572244 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090812 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Choi, Moonyoung
Han, Joungkyue
Kim, Yonghwan
Chung, Jinwook
The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households
title The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households
title_full The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households
title_fullStr The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households
title_full_unstemmed The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households
title_short The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Smoking and Alcohol Experiences in Adolescents from Low-Income Households
title_sort relationship between metabolic syndrome and smoking and alcohol experiences in adolescents from low-income households
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465056/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34572244
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090812
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