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Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis

Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission...

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Autores principales: Yadav, Kush Kumar, Kenney, Scott P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091180
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author Yadav, Kush Kumar
Kenney, Scott P.
author_facet Yadav, Kush Kumar
Kenney, Scott P.
author_sort Yadav, Kush Kumar
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description Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission of HEV have been reported in the past few decades, leading to the detailed research of HEV pathogenesis. The reason behind HEV being highly virulent to the pregnant population particularly during the third trimester, leading to maternal and fetal death, remains unknown. Various host factors (immunological, nutritional, hormonal) and viral factors have been studied to define the key determinants assisting HEV to be virulent in pregnant and immunocompromised patients. Similarly, chronic hepatitis is seen particularly in solid organ transplant patients, resulting in fatal conditions. This review describes recent advances in the immunopathophysiology of HEV infections in general, pregnant, and immunocompromised populations, and further elucidates the in vitro and in vivo models utilized to understand HEV pathogenesis.
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spelling pubmed-84653192021-09-27 Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis Yadav, Kush Kumar Kenney, Scott P. Pathogens Review Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission of HEV have been reported in the past few decades, leading to the detailed research of HEV pathogenesis. The reason behind HEV being highly virulent to the pregnant population particularly during the third trimester, leading to maternal and fetal death, remains unknown. Various host factors (immunological, nutritional, hormonal) and viral factors have been studied to define the key determinants assisting HEV to be virulent in pregnant and immunocompromised patients. Similarly, chronic hepatitis is seen particularly in solid organ transplant patients, resulting in fatal conditions. This review describes recent advances in the immunopathophysiology of HEV infections in general, pregnant, and immunocompromised populations, and further elucidates the in vitro and in vivo models utilized to understand HEV pathogenesis. MDPI 2021-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8465319/ /pubmed/34578211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091180 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Yadav, Kush Kumar
Kenney, Scott P.
Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
title Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
title_full Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
title_fullStr Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
title_short Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
title_sort hepatitis e virus immunopathogenesis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091180
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