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Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis
Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465319/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091180 |
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author | Yadav, Kush Kumar Kenney, Scott P. |
author_facet | Yadav, Kush Kumar Kenney, Scott P. |
author_sort | Yadav, Kush Kumar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission of HEV have been reported in the past few decades, leading to the detailed research of HEV pathogenesis. The reason behind HEV being highly virulent to the pregnant population particularly during the third trimester, leading to maternal and fetal death, remains unknown. Various host factors (immunological, nutritional, hormonal) and viral factors have been studied to define the key determinants assisting HEV to be virulent in pregnant and immunocompromised patients. Similarly, chronic hepatitis is seen particularly in solid organ transplant patients, resulting in fatal conditions. This review describes recent advances in the immunopathophysiology of HEV infections in general, pregnant, and immunocompromised populations, and further elucidates the in vitro and in vivo models utilized to understand HEV pathogenesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8465319 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84653192021-09-27 Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis Yadav, Kush Kumar Kenney, Scott P. Pathogens Review Hepatitis E virus is an important emerging pathogen producing a lethal impact on the pregnant population and immunocompromised patients. Starting in 1983, it has been described as the cause for acute hepatitis transmitted via the fecal–oral route. However, zoonotic and blood transfusion transmission of HEV have been reported in the past few decades, leading to the detailed research of HEV pathogenesis. The reason behind HEV being highly virulent to the pregnant population particularly during the third trimester, leading to maternal and fetal death, remains unknown. Various host factors (immunological, nutritional, hormonal) and viral factors have been studied to define the key determinants assisting HEV to be virulent in pregnant and immunocompromised patients. Similarly, chronic hepatitis is seen particularly in solid organ transplant patients, resulting in fatal conditions. This review describes recent advances in the immunopathophysiology of HEV infections in general, pregnant, and immunocompromised populations, and further elucidates the in vitro and in vivo models utilized to understand HEV pathogenesis. MDPI 2021-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8465319/ /pubmed/34578211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091180 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Yadav, Kush Kumar Kenney, Scott P. Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis |
title | Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis |
title_full | Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis |
title_fullStr | Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis |
title_short | Hepatitis E Virus Immunopathogenesis |
title_sort | hepatitis e virus immunopathogenesis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465319/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091180 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT yadavkushkumar hepatitisevirusimmunopathogenesis AT kenneyscottp hepatitisevirusimmunopathogenesis |