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Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has the potential to investigate abnormalities in brain network structure and connectivity on an individual level in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), paving the way toward using this technology for a p...

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Autores principales: Pines, Andrew R., Sussman, Bethany, Wyckoff, Sarah N., McCarty, Patrick J., Bunch, Raymond, Frye, Richard E., Boerwinkle, Varina L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575631
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090854
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author Pines, Andrew R.
Sussman, Bethany
Wyckoff, Sarah N.
McCarty, Patrick J.
Bunch, Raymond
Frye, Richard E.
Boerwinkle, Varina L.
author_facet Pines, Andrew R.
Sussman, Bethany
Wyckoff, Sarah N.
McCarty, Patrick J.
Bunch, Raymond
Frye, Richard E.
Boerwinkle, Varina L.
author_sort Pines, Andrew R.
collection PubMed
description Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has the potential to investigate abnormalities in brain network structure and connectivity on an individual level in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), paving the way toward using this technology for a personalized, precision medicine approach to diagnosis and treatment. Using a case-control design, we compared five patients with severe regressive-type ASD to five patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to examine the association between brain network characteristics and diagnosis. All children with ASD and TLE demonstrated intact motor, language, and frontoparietal (FP) networks. However, aberrant networks not usually seen in the typical brain were also found. These aberrant networks were located in the motor (40%), language (80%), and FP (100%) regions in children with ASD, while children with TLE only presented with aberrant networks in the motor (40%) and language (20%) regions, in addition to identified seizure onset zones. Fisher’s exact test indicated a significant relationship between aberrant FP networks and diagnosis (p = 0.008), with ASD and atypical FP networks co-occurring more frequently than expected by chance. Despite severe cognitive delays, children with regressive-type ASD may demonstrate intact typical cortical network activation despite an inability to use these cognitive facilities. The functions of these intact cognitive networks may not be fully expressed, potentially because aberrant networks interfere with their long-range signaling, thus creating a unique “locked-in network” syndrome.
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spelling pubmed-84658962021-09-27 Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study Pines, Andrew R. Sussman, Bethany Wyckoff, Sarah N. McCarty, Patrick J. Bunch, Raymond Frye, Richard E. Boerwinkle, Varina L. J Pers Med Article Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has the potential to investigate abnormalities in brain network structure and connectivity on an individual level in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), paving the way toward using this technology for a personalized, precision medicine approach to diagnosis and treatment. Using a case-control design, we compared five patients with severe regressive-type ASD to five patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) to examine the association between brain network characteristics and diagnosis. All children with ASD and TLE demonstrated intact motor, language, and frontoparietal (FP) networks. However, aberrant networks not usually seen in the typical brain were also found. These aberrant networks were located in the motor (40%), language (80%), and FP (100%) regions in children with ASD, while children with TLE only presented with aberrant networks in the motor (40%) and language (20%) regions, in addition to identified seizure onset zones. Fisher’s exact test indicated a significant relationship between aberrant FP networks and diagnosis (p = 0.008), with ASD and atypical FP networks co-occurring more frequently than expected by chance. Despite severe cognitive delays, children with regressive-type ASD may demonstrate intact typical cortical network activation despite an inability to use these cognitive facilities. The functions of these intact cognitive networks may not be fully expressed, potentially because aberrant networks interfere with their long-range signaling, thus creating a unique “locked-in network” syndrome. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8465896/ /pubmed/34575631 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090854 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pines, Andrew R.
Sussman, Bethany
Wyckoff, Sarah N.
McCarty, Patrick J.
Bunch, Raymond
Frye, Richard E.
Boerwinkle, Varina L.
Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
title Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
title_full Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
title_fullStr Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
title_full_unstemmed Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
title_short Locked-in Intact Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case-Control Study
title_sort locked-in intact functional networks in children with autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465896/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575631
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11090854
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