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Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating

No thermal process, even the biological systems, can escape from the long arms of the second law. All living things preserve entropy since they obtain energy from the nutrition they consume and gain order by producing disorder. The entropy generation in a biological and thermally isolated system is...

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Autores principales: Saleem, Najma, Munawar, Sufian, Mehmood, Ahmer, Daqqa, Ibtisam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577649
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091004
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author Saleem, Najma
Munawar, Sufian
Mehmood, Ahmer
Daqqa, Ibtisam
author_facet Saleem, Najma
Munawar, Sufian
Mehmood, Ahmer
Daqqa, Ibtisam
author_sort Saleem, Najma
collection PubMed
description No thermal process, even the biological systems, can escape from the long arms of the second law. All living things preserve entropy since they obtain energy from the nutrition they consume and gain order by producing disorder. The entropy generation in a biological and thermally isolated system is the main subject of current investigation. The aim is to examine the entropy generation during the convective transport of a ciliated nano-liquid in a micro-channel under the effect of a uniform magnetic field. Joint effects of electroosmosis and thermal radiation are also brought into consideration. To attain mathematical simplicity, the governing equations are transformed to wave frame where the inertial parts of the transport equations are dropped with the use of a long-wavelength approximation. This finally produces the governing equations in the form of ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically by a shooting technique. The analysis reports that the cilia motion contributes to enhance the flow and heat transfer phenomena. An enhancement in the flow is observed near the channel surface for higher cilia length and for smaller values of the electroosmotic parameter. The entropy generation in the ciliated channel is observed to be lessened by intensifying the thermal radiation and decreasing the Ohmic heating. The extended and flexible cilia structure contributes to augment the volumetric flow rate and to drop the total entropy generation in the channel.
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spelling pubmed-84659082021-09-27 Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating Saleem, Najma Munawar, Sufian Mehmood, Ahmer Daqqa, Ibtisam Micromachines (Basel) Article No thermal process, even the biological systems, can escape from the long arms of the second law. All living things preserve entropy since they obtain energy from the nutrition they consume and gain order by producing disorder. The entropy generation in a biological and thermally isolated system is the main subject of current investigation. The aim is to examine the entropy generation during the convective transport of a ciliated nano-liquid in a micro-channel under the effect of a uniform magnetic field. Joint effects of electroosmosis and thermal radiation are also brought into consideration. To attain mathematical simplicity, the governing equations are transformed to wave frame where the inertial parts of the transport equations are dropped with the use of a long-wavelength approximation. This finally produces the governing equations in the form of ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically by a shooting technique. The analysis reports that the cilia motion contributes to enhance the flow and heat transfer phenomena. An enhancement in the flow is observed near the channel surface for higher cilia length and for smaller values of the electroosmotic parameter. The entropy generation in the ciliated channel is observed to be lessened by intensifying the thermal radiation and decreasing the Ohmic heating. The extended and flexible cilia structure contributes to augment the volumetric flow rate and to drop the total entropy generation in the channel. MDPI 2021-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8465908/ /pubmed/34577649 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091004 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Saleem, Najma
Munawar, Sufian
Mehmood, Ahmer
Daqqa, Ibtisam
Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating
title Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating
title_full Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating
title_fullStr Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating
title_full_unstemmed Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating
title_short Entropy Production in Electroosmotic Cilia Facilitated Stream of Thermally Radiated Nanofluid with Ohmic Heating
title_sort entropy production in electroosmotic cilia facilitated stream of thermally radiated nanofluid with ohmic heating
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8465908/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577649
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091004
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AT mehmoodahmer entropyproductioninelectroosmoticciliafacilitatedstreamofthermallyradiatednanofluidwithohmicheating
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