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Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer
Inflammation is an adaptive response to tissue injury, which is a critical process in order to restore tissue functionality and homeostasis. The association between inflammation and cancer has been a topic of interest for many years, not only inflammatory cells themselves but also the chemokines and...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090903 |
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author | Lee, Eun-Ji Kim, Hyun-Jeong Choi, Min Sik Chang, Ji-Eun |
author_facet | Lee, Eun-Ji Kim, Hyun-Jeong Choi, Min Sik Chang, Ji-Eun |
author_sort | Lee, Eun-Ji |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inflammation is an adaptive response to tissue injury, which is a critical process in order to restore tissue functionality and homeostasis. The association between inflammation and cancer has been a topic of interest for many years, not only inflammatory cells themselves but also the chemokines and cytokines they produce, which affect cancer development. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative process providing elimination of damaged or dysfunctional organelles under stressful conditions such as nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, or chemotherapy. Interestingly, the signaling pathways that are involved in cancer-associated inflammation may regulate autophagy as well. These are (1) the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cascade, (2) the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway, (3) the inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway, and (4) the IκB kinase (IKK)/Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling axis. Moreover, the studies on the context-specific functions of autophagy during inflammatory responses in cancer will be discussed here. On that basis, we focus on autophagy inhibitors and activators regulating inflammatory process in cancer as useful candidates for enhancing anticancer effects. This review summarizes how the autophagic process regulates these key inflammatory processes and vice versa in various cancers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8466094 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84660942021-09-27 Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer Lee, Eun-Ji Kim, Hyun-Jeong Choi, Min Sik Chang, Ji-Eun Life (Basel) Review Inflammation is an adaptive response to tissue injury, which is a critical process in order to restore tissue functionality and homeostasis. The association between inflammation and cancer has been a topic of interest for many years, not only inflammatory cells themselves but also the chemokines and cytokines they produce, which affect cancer development. Autophagy is an intracellular self-degradative process providing elimination of damaged or dysfunctional organelles under stressful conditions such as nutrient deficiency, hypoxia, or chemotherapy. Interestingly, the signaling pathways that are involved in cancer-associated inflammation may regulate autophagy as well. These are (1) the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling cascade, (2) the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathway, (3) the inflammatory cytokine signaling pathway, and (4) the IκB kinase (IKK)/Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling axis. Moreover, the studies on the context-specific functions of autophagy during inflammatory responses in cancer will be discussed here. On that basis, we focus on autophagy inhibitors and activators regulating inflammatory process in cancer as useful candidates for enhancing anticancer effects. This review summarizes how the autophagic process regulates these key inflammatory processes and vice versa in various cancers. MDPI 2021-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8466094/ /pubmed/34575052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090903 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lee, Eun-Ji Kim, Hyun-Jeong Choi, Min Sik Chang, Ji-Eun Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer |
title | Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer |
title_full | Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer |
title_fullStr | Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer |
title_short | Crosstalk between Autophagy and Inflammatory Processes in Cancer |
title_sort | crosstalk between autophagy and inflammatory processes in cancer |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466094/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090903 |
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