Cargando…

Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions

Traditional regional diets are considered as sustainable dietary patterns, while many have been examined with regard to their health benefits. The aim of the present systematic review was to aggerate all evidence on the physiological effects of regional diets among adults at high risk for cardiovasc...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Klonizakis, Markos, Bugg, Alex, Hunt, Beatrice, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Bogdanos, Dimitrios P., Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578911
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093034
_version_ 1784573063693598720
author Klonizakis, Markos
Bugg, Alex
Hunt, Beatrice
Theodoridis, Xenophon
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
author_facet Klonizakis, Markos
Bugg, Alex
Hunt, Beatrice
Theodoridis, Xenophon
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
author_sort Klonizakis, Markos
collection PubMed
description Traditional regional diets are considered as sustainable dietary patterns, while many have been examined with regard to their health benefits. The aim of the present systematic review was to aggerate all evidence on the physiological effects of regional diets among adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Three databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) implementing any regional diet (Mediterranean (MedD), Persian, Southern European Atlantic, Japanese, Chinese, new Nordic, or other) while examining cardiovascular risk factors among adults at increased risk. Primary outcomes included anthropometric indices and secondary outcomes involved blood lipid concentrations, glucose metabolism, inflammation and other markers of CVD progression. Twenty RCTs fulfilled the study’s criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis, with the majority implementing a MedD. Adherence to most of the regional diets induced a reduction in the BW and anthropometric indices of the participants. The majority of RCTs with blood pressure endpoints failed to note a significant reduction in the intervention compared to the comparator arm, with the exception of some new Nordic and MedD ones. Despite the interventions, inflammation markers remained unchanged except for CRP, which was reduced in the intervention groups of one new Nordic, the older Japanese, and the Atlantic diet RCTs. With regard to blood lipids, regional diet interventions either failed to induce significant differences or improved selective blood lipid markers of the participants adhering to the experimental regional diet arms. Finally, in the majority of RCTs glucose metabolism failed to improve. The body of evidence examining the effect of regional dietary patterns on CVD risk among high-risk populations, while employing an RCT design, appears to be limited, with the exception of the MedD. More research is required to advocate for the efficacy of most regional diets with regard to CVD.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8466163
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-84661632021-09-27 Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions Klonizakis, Markos Bugg, Alex Hunt, Beatrice Theodoridis, Xenophon Bogdanos, Dimitrios P. Grammatikopoulou, Maria G. Nutrients Review Traditional regional diets are considered as sustainable dietary patterns, while many have been examined with regard to their health benefits. The aim of the present systematic review was to aggerate all evidence on the physiological effects of regional diets among adults at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Three databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) implementing any regional diet (Mediterranean (MedD), Persian, Southern European Atlantic, Japanese, Chinese, new Nordic, or other) while examining cardiovascular risk factors among adults at increased risk. Primary outcomes included anthropometric indices and secondary outcomes involved blood lipid concentrations, glucose metabolism, inflammation and other markers of CVD progression. Twenty RCTs fulfilled the study’s criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis, with the majority implementing a MedD. Adherence to most of the regional diets induced a reduction in the BW and anthropometric indices of the participants. The majority of RCTs with blood pressure endpoints failed to note a significant reduction in the intervention compared to the comparator arm, with the exception of some new Nordic and MedD ones. Despite the interventions, inflammation markers remained unchanged except for CRP, which was reduced in the intervention groups of one new Nordic, the older Japanese, and the Atlantic diet RCTs. With regard to blood lipids, regional diet interventions either failed to induce significant differences or improved selective blood lipid markers of the participants adhering to the experimental regional diet arms. Finally, in the majority of RCTs glucose metabolism failed to improve. The body of evidence examining the effect of regional dietary patterns on CVD risk among high-risk populations, while employing an RCT design, appears to be limited, with the exception of the MedD. More research is required to advocate for the efficacy of most regional diets with regard to CVD. MDPI 2021-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8466163/ /pubmed/34578911 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093034 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Klonizakis, Markos
Bugg, Alex
Hunt, Beatrice
Theodoridis, Xenophon
Bogdanos, Dimitrios P.
Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.
Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions
title Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions
title_full Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions
title_fullStr Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions
title_full_unstemmed Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions
title_short Assessing the Physiological Effects of Traditional Regional Diets Targeting the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Implementing Mediterranean, New Nordic, Japanese, Atlantic, Persian and Mexican Dietary Interventions
title_sort assessing the physiological effects of traditional regional diets targeting the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials implementing mediterranean, new nordic, japanese, atlantic, persian and mexican dietary interventions
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466163/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578911
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093034
work_keys_str_mv AT klonizakismarkos assessingthephysiologicaleffectsoftraditionalregionaldietstargetingthepreventionofcardiovasculardiseaseasystematicreviewofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsimplementingmediterraneannewnordicjapaneseatlanticpersianandmexicandietaryinterventions
AT buggalex assessingthephysiologicaleffectsoftraditionalregionaldietstargetingthepreventionofcardiovasculardiseaseasystematicreviewofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsimplementingmediterraneannewnordicjapaneseatlanticpersianandmexicandietaryinterventions
AT huntbeatrice assessingthephysiologicaleffectsoftraditionalregionaldietstargetingthepreventionofcardiovasculardiseaseasystematicreviewofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsimplementingmediterraneannewnordicjapaneseatlanticpersianandmexicandietaryinterventions
AT theodoridisxenophon assessingthephysiologicaleffectsoftraditionalregionaldietstargetingthepreventionofcardiovasculardiseaseasystematicreviewofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsimplementingmediterraneannewnordicjapaneseatlanticpersianandmexicandietaryinterventions
AT bogdanosdimitriosp assessingthephysiologicaleffectsoftraditionalregionaldietstargetingthepreventionofcardiovasculardiseaseasystematicreviewofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsimplementingmediterraneannewnordicjapaneseatlanticpersianandmexicandietaryinterventions
AT grammatikopouloumariag assessingthephysiologicaleffectsoftraditionalregionaldietstargetingthepreventionofcardiovasculardiseaseasystematicreviewofrandomizedcontrolledtrialsimplementingmediterraneannewnordicjapaneseatlanticpersianandmexicandietaryinterventions