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Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties
G-quadruplexes constitute an important type of nucleic acid structure, which can be found in living cells and applied by cell machinery as pivotal regulatory elements. Importantly, robust development of SELEX technology and modern, nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies targeted towards various m...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466185/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189948 |
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author | Kotkowiak, Weronika Pasternak, Anna |
author_facet | Kotkowiak, Weronika Pasternak, Anna |
author_sort | Kotkowiak, Weronika |
collection | PubMed |
description | G-quadruplexes constitute an important type of nucleic acid structure, which can be found in living cells and applied by cell machinery as pivotal regulatory elements. Importantly, robust development of SELEX technology and modern, nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies targeted towards various molecules have also revealed a large group of potent aptamers whose structures are grounded in G-quadruplexes. In this review, we analyze further extension of tetraplexes by additional structural elements and investigate whether G-quadruplex junctions with duplex, hairpin, triplex, or second G-quadruplex motifs are favorable for aptamers stability and biological activity. Furthermore, we indicate the specific and pivotal role of the G-quadruplex domain and the additional structural elements in interactions with target molecules. Finally, we consider the potency of G-quadruplex junctions in future applications and indicate the emerging research area that is still waiting for development to obtain highly specific and effective nucleic acid-based molecular tools. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8466185 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84661852021-09-27 Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties Kotkowiak, Weronika Pasternak, Anna Int J Mol Sci Review G-quadruplexes constitute an important type of nucleic acid structure, which can be found in living cells and applied by cell machinery as pivotal regulatory elements. Importantly, robust development of SELEX technology and modern, nucleic acid-based therapeutic strategies targeted towards various molecules have also revealed a large group of potent aptamers whose structures are grounded in G-quadruplexes. In this review, we analyze further extension of tetraplexes by additional structural elements and investigate whether G-quadruplex junctions with duplex, hairpin, triplex, or second G-quadruplex motifs are favorable for aptamers stability and biological activity. Furthermore, we indicate the specific and pivotal role of the G-quadruplex domain and the additional structural elements in interactions with target molecules. Finally, we consider the potency of G-quadruplex junctions in future applications and indicate the emerging research area that is still waiting for development to obtain highly specific and effective nucleic acid-based molecular tools. MDPI 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8466185/ /pubmed/34576112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189948 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kotkowiak, Weronika Pasternak, Anna Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties |
title | Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties |
title_full | Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties |
title_fullStr | Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties |
title_full_unstemmed | Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties |
title_short | Beyond G-Quadruplexes—The Effect of Junction with Additional Structural Motifs on Aptamers Properties |
title_sort | beyond g-quadruplexes—the effect of junction with additional structural motifs on aptamers properties |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466185/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576112 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189948 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kotkowiakweronika beyondgquadruplexestheeffectofjunctionwithadditionalstructuralmotifsonaptamersproperties AT pasternakanna beyondgquadruplexestheeffectofjunctionwithadditionalstructuralmotifsonaptamersproperties |