Cargando…

FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum

The fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, contains two genes, FgCPK1 and FgCPK2, encoding the catalytic subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. FgCPK1 and FgCPK2 are responsible for most of the PKA activities and have overlapping functions in various cellular processes in F. graminearum....

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gong, Chen, Huang, Junqi, Sun, Daiyuan, Xu, Daiying, Guo, Yuqian, Kang, Jiangang, Niu, Gang, Wang, Chenfang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466192/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575793
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090755
_version_ 1784573071440478208
author Gong, Chen
Huang, Junqi
Sun, Daiyuan
Xu, Daiying
Guo, Yuqian
Kang, Jiangang
Niu, Gang
Wang, Chenfang
author_facet Gong, Chen
Huang, Junqi
Sun, Daiyuan
Xu, Daiying
Guo, Yuqian
Kang, Jiangang
Niu, Gang
Wang, Chenfang
author_sort Gong, Chen
collection PubMed
description The fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, contains two genes, FgCPK1 and FgCPK2, encoding the catalytic subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. FgCPK1 and FgCPK2 are responsible for most of the PKA activities and have overlapping functions in various cellular processes in F. graminearum. The cpk1 cpk2 double mutant was significantly reduced in growth, rarely produced conidia, and was non-pathogenic. In this study, we found that the cpk1 cpk2 double mutant was unstable and produced fast-growing spontaneous sectors that were defective in plant infection. All spontaneous suppressor strains had mutations in FgSFL1, a transcription factor gene orthologous to SFL1 in yeast. Thirteen suppressor strains had non-sense mutations at Q501, three suppressor strains had frameshift mutations at W198, and five suppressor strains had mutations in the HSF binding domain of FgSfl1. Only one suppressor strain had both a non-synonymous mutation at H225 and a non-sense mutation at R490. We generated the SFL1 deletion mutant and found that it produced less than 2% of conidia than that of the wild-type strain PH-1. The sfl1 mutant was significantly reduced in the number of perithecia on carrot agar plates at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). When incubated for more than 12 days, ascospore cirrhi were observed on the sfl1 mutant perithecia. The infection ability of the sfl1 deletion mutant was also obviously defective. Furthermore, we found that in addition to the S223 and S559 phosphorylation sites, FgSFL1 had another predicted phosphorylation site: T452. Interestingly, the S223 phosphorylation site was responsible for sexual reproduction, and the T452 phosphorylation site was responsible for growth and sexual reproduction. Only the S559 phosphorylation site was found to play an important role in conidiation, sexual reproduction, and infection. Overall, our results indicate that FgSFL1 and its conserved PKA phosphorylation sites are important for vegetative growth, conidiation, sexual reproduction, and pathogenesis in F. graminearum.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8466192
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-84661922021-09-27 FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum Gong, Chen Huang, Junqi Sun, Daiyuan Xu, Daiying Guo, Yuqian Kang, Jiangang Niu, Gang Wang, Chenfang J Fungi (Basel) Article The fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium graminearum, contains two genes, FgCPK1 and FgCPK2, encoding the catalytic subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A. FgCPK1 and FgCPK2 are responsible for most of the PKA activities and have overlapping functions in various cellular processes in F. graminearum. The cpk1 cpk2 double mutant was significantly reduced in growth, rarely produced conidia, and was non-pathogenic. In this study, we found that the cpk1 cpk2 double mutant was unstable and produced fast-growing spontaneous sectors that were defective in plant infection. All spontaneous suppressor strains had mutations in FgSFL1, a transcription factor gene orthologous to SFL1 in yeast. Thirteen suppressor strains had non-sense mutations at Q501, three suppressor strains had frameshift mutations at W198, and five suppressor strains had mutations in the HSF binding domain of FgSfl1. Only one suppressor strain had both a non-synonymous mutation at H225 and a non-sense mutation at R490. We generated the SFL1 deletion mutant and found that it produced less than 2% of conidia than that of the wild-type strain PH-1. The sfl1 mutant was significantly reduced in the number of perithecia on carrot agar plates at 7 days post-fertilization (dpf). When incubated for more than 12 days, ascospore cirrhi were observed on the sfl1 mutant perithecia. The infection ability of the sfl1 deletion mutant was also obviously defective. Furthermore, we found that in addition to the S223 and S559 phosphorylation sites, FgSFL1 had another predicted phosphorylation site: T452. Interestingly, the S223 phosphorylation site was responsible for sexual reproduction, and the T452 phosphorylation site was responsible for growth and sexual reproduction. Only the S559 phosphorylation site was found to play an important role in conidiation, sexual reproduction, and infection. Overall, our results indicate that FgSFL1 and its conserved PKA phosphorylation sites are important for vegetative growth, conidiation, sexual reproduction, and pathogenesis in F. graminearum. MDPI 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8466192/ /pubmed/34575793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090755 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gong, Chen
Huang, Junqi
Sun, Daiyuan
Xu, Daiying
Guo, Yuqian
Kang, Jiangang
Niu, Gang
Wang, Chenfang
FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
title FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
title_full FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
title_fullStr FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
title_full_unstemmed FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
title_short FgSfl1 and Its Conserved PKA Phosphorylation Sites Are Important for Conidiation, Sexual Reproduction, and Pathogenesis in Fusarium graminearum
title_sort fgsfl1 and its conserved pka phosphorylation sites are important for conidiation, sexual reproduction, and pathogenesis in fusarium graminearum
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466192/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575793
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090755
work_keys_str_mv AT gongchen fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum
AT huangjunqi fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum
AT sundaiyuan fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum
AT xudaiying fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum
AT guoyuqian fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum
AT kangjiangang fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum
AT niugang fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum
AT wangchenfang fgsfl1anditsconservedpkaphosphorylationsitesareimportantforconidiationsexualreproductionandpathogenesisinfusariumgraminearum