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Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors

Retinoids are a class of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. They are involved in several biological processes like embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, growth, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In light of their important functions, retinoids have been...

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Autores principales: Bensa, Veronica, Calarco, Enzo, Giusto, Elena, Perri, Patrizia, Corrias, Maria Valeria, Ponzoni, Mirco, Brignole, Chiara, Pastorino, Fabio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577553
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090854
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author Bensa, Veronica
Calarco, Enzo
Giusto, Elena
Perri, Patrizia
Corrias, Maria Valeria
Ponzoni, Mirco
Brignole, Chiara
Pastorino, Fabio
author_facet Bensa, Veronica
Calarco, Enzo
Giusto, Elena
Perri, Patrizia
Corrias, Maria Valeria
Ponzoni, Mirco
Brignole, Chiara
Pastorino, Fabio
author_sort Bensa, Veronica
collection PubMed
description Retinoids are a class of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. They are involved in several biological processes like embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, growth, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In light of their important functions, retinoids have been widely investigated for their therapeutic applications. Thus far, their use for the treatment of several types of cancer and skin disorders has been reported. However, these therapeutic agents present several limitations for their widespread clinical translatability, i.e., poor solubility and chemical instability in water, sensitivity to light, heat, and oxygen, and low bioavailability. These characteristics result in internalization into target cells and tissues only at low concentration and, consequently, at an unsatisfactory therapeutic dose. Furthermore, the administration of retinoids causes severe side-effects. Thus, in order to improve their pharmacological properties and circulating half-life, while minimizing their off-target uptake, various retinoids delivery systems have been recently developed. This review intends to provide examples of retinoids-loaded nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In particular, the use and the therapeutic results obtained by using fenretinide-loaded liposomes against neuroectodermal-derived tumors, such as melanoma, in adults, and neuroblastoma, the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood, will be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-84661942021-09-27 Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors Bensa, Veronica Calarco, Enzo Giusto, Elena Perri, Patrizia Corrias, Maria Valeria Ponzoni, Mirco Brignole, Chiara Pastorino, Fabio Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review Retinoids are a class of natural and synthetic compounds derived from vitamin A. They are involved in several biological processes like embryogenesis, reproduction, vision, growth, inflammation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. In light of their important functions, retinoids have been widely investigated for their therapeutic applications. Thus far, their use for the treatment of several types of cancer and skin disorders has been reported. However, these therapeutic agents present several limitations for their widespread clinical translatability, i.e., poor solubility and chemical instability in water, sensitivity to light, heat, and oxygen, and low bioavailability. These characteristics result in internalization into target cells and tissues only at low concentration and, consequently, at an unsatisfactory therapeutic dose. Furthermore, the administration of retinoids causes severe side-effects. Thus, in order to improve their pharmacological properties and circulating half-life, while minimizing their off-target uptake, various retinoids delivery systems have been recently developed. This review intends to provide examples of retinoids-loaded nano-delivery systems for cancer treatment. In particular, the use and the therapeutic results obtained by using fenretinide-loaded liposomes against neuroectodermal-derived tumors, such as melanoma, in adults, and neuroblastoma, the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood, will be discussed. MDPI 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8466194/ /pubmed/34577553 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090854 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bensa, Veronica
Calarco, Enzo
Giusto, Elena
Perri, Patrizia
Corrias, Maria Valeria
Ponzoni, Mirco
Brignole, Chiara
Pastorino, Fabio
Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors
title Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors
title_full Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors
title_fullStr Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors
title_full_unstemmed Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors
title_short Retinoids Delivery Systems in Cancer: Liposomal Fenretinide for Neuroectodermal-Derived Tumors
title_sort retinoids delivery systems in cancer: liposomal fenretinide for neuroectodermal-derived tumors
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466194/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577553
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14090854
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