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Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy

Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular lo...

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Autores principales: Liu, Hao, Mei, Yijun, Zhao, Qingqing, Zhang, Aining, Tang, Lu, Gao, Hongbin, Wang, Wei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575419
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091344
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author Liu, Hao
Mei, Yijun
Zhao, Qingqing
Zhang, Aining
Tang, Lu
Gao, Hongbin
Wang, Wei
author_facet Liu, Hao
Mei, Yijun
Zhao, Qingqing
Zhang, Aining
Tang, Lu
Gao, Hongbin
Wang, Wei
author_sort Liu, Hao
collection PubMed
description Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading in anticancer therapy. Generally, BP nanomaterials can be classified into BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and BP quantum dots (BPQDs), both of which can be synthesized through various preparation routes. In addition, BP nanomaterials can be applied as photothermal agents (PTA) for the photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and larger extinction coefficients. The generated local hyperpyrexia leads to thermal elimination of tumor. Besides, BP nanomaterials are capable of producing singlet oxygen, which enable its application as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, BP nanomaterials can be oxidized and degraded to nontoxic phosphonates and phosphate under physiological conditions, improving their safety as a nano drug carrier in cancer therapy. Recently, it has been reported that BP-based PTT is capable of activating immune responses and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by detection of T lymphocytes and various immunocytokines, indicating that BP-based nanocomposites not only serve as effective PTAs to ablate large solid tumors but also function as an immunomodulation agent to eliminate discrete tumorlets. Therefore, BP-mediated immunotherapy would provide more possibilities for synergistic cancer treatment.
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spelling pubmed-84666622021-09-27 Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy Liu, Hao Mei, Yijun Zhao, Qingqing Zhang, Aining Tang, Lu Gao, Hongbin Wang, Wei Pharmaceutics Review Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading in anticancer therapy. Generally, BP nanomaterials can be classified into BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and BP quantum dots (BPQDs), both of which can be synthesized through various preparation routes. In addition, BP nanomaterials can be applied as photothermal agents (PTA) for the photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and larger extinction coefficients. The generated local hyperpyrexia leads to thermal elimination of tumor. Besides, BP nanomaterials are capable of producing singlet oxygen, which enable its application as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, BP nanomaterials can be oxidized and degraded to nontoxic phosphonates and phosphate under physiological conditions, improving their safety as a nano drug carrier in cancer therapy. Recently, it has been reported that BP-based PTT is capable of activating immune responses and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by detection of T lymphocytes and various immunocytokines, indicating that BP-based nanocomposites not only serve as effective PTAs to ablate large solid tumors but also function as an immunomodulation agent to eliminate discrete tumorlets. Therefore, BP-mediated immunotherapy would provide more possibilities for synergistic cancer treatment. MDPI 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8466662/ /pubmed/34575419 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091344 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Liu, Hao
Mei, Yijun
Zhao, Qingqing
Zhang, Aining
Tang, Lu
Gao, Hongbin
Wang, Wei
Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy
title Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_full Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_fullStr Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_short Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy
title_sort black phosphorus, an emerging versatile nanoplatform for cancer immunotherapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575419
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091344
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