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Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy
Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular lo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575419 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091344 |
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author | Liu, Hao Mei, Yijun Zhao, Qingqing Zhang, Aining Tang, Lu Gao, Hongbin Wang, Wei |
author_facet | Liu, Hao Mei, Yijun Zhao, Qingqing Zhang, Aining Tang, Lu Gao, Hongbin Wang, Wei |
author_sort | Liu, Hao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading in anticancer therapy. Generally, BP nanomaterials can be classified into BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and BP quantum dots (BPQDs), both of which can be synthesized through various preparation routes. In addition, BP nanomaterials can be applied as photothermal agents (PTA) for the photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and larger extinction coefficients. The generated local hyperpyrexia leads to thermal elimination of tumor. Besides, BP nanomaterials are capable of producing singlet oxygen, which enable its application as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, BP nanomaterials can be oxidized and degraded to nontoxic phosphonates and phosphate under physiological conditions, improving their safety as a nano drug carrier in cancer therapy. Recently, it has been reported that BP-based PTT is capable of activating immune responses and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by detection of T lymphocytes and various immunocytokines, indicating that BP-based nanocomposites not only serve as effective PTAs to ablate large solid tumors but also function as an immunomodulation agent to eliminate discrete tumorlets. Therefore, BP-mediated immunotherapy would provide more possibilities for synergistic cancer treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8466662 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84666622021-09-27 Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy Liu, Hao Mei, Yijun Zhao, Qingqing Zhang, Aining Tang, Lu Gao, Hongbin Wang, Wei Pharmaceutics Review Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading in anticancer therapy. Generally, BP nanomaterials can be classified into BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and BP quantum dots (BPQDs), both of which can be synthesized through various preparation routes. In addition, BP nanomaterials can be applied as photothermal agents (PTA) for the photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency and larger extinction coefficients. The generated local hyperpyrexia leads to thermal elimination of tumor. Besides, BP nanomaterials are capable of producing singlet oxygen, which enable its application as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, BP nanomaterials can be oxidized and degraded to nontoxic phosphonates and phosphate under physiological conditions, improving their safety as a nano drug carrier in cancer therapy. Recently, it has been reported that BP-based PTT is capable of activating immune responses and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by detection of T lymphocytes and various immunocytokines, indicating that BP-based nanocomposites not only serve as effective PTAs to ablate large solid tumors but also function as an immunomodulation agent to eliminate discrete tumorlets. Therefore, BP-mediated immunotherapy would provide more possibilities for synergistic cancer treatment. MDPI 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8466662/ /pubmed/34575419 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091344 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Liu, Hao Mei, Yijun Zhao, Qingqing Zhang, Aining Tang, Lu Gao, Hongbin Wang, Wei Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy |
title | Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_full | Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_fullStr | Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_full_unstemmed | Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_short | Black Phosphorus, an Emerging Versatile Nanoplatform for Cancer Immunotherapy |
title_sort | black phosphorus, an emerging versatile nanoplatform for cancer immunotherapy |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8466662/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575419 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13091344 |
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