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The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis
The Arabidopsis WD40 repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) regulates cell fate determination, including trichome initiation and root hair formation, as well as secondary metabolism such as flavonoid biosynthesis and seed coat mucilage production. TTG1 regulates different processes via regu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810039 |
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author | Wang, Yating Tian, Hainan Wang, Wei Wang, Xutong Zheng, Kaijie Hussain, Saddam Lin, Rao Wang, Tianya Wang, Shucai |
author_facet | Wang, Yating Tian, Hainan Wang, Wei Wang, Xutong Zheng, Kaijie Hussain, Saddam Lin, Rao Wang, Tianya Wang, Shucai |
author_sort | Wang, Yating |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Arabidopsis WD40 repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) regulates cell fate determination, including trichome initiation and root hair formation, as well as secondary metabolism such as flavonoid biosynthesis and seed coat mucilage production. TTG1 regulates different processes via regulating the expression of its downstream target genes by forming MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) activator complexes with different R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors. Here, we report the identification of the carboxyl (C)-terminus as a critical domain for TTG1′s functions in Arabidopsis. We found that the ttg1Δ15aa mutant shows pleiotropic phenotypes identical to a TTG1 loss-of-function mutant. Gene sequencing indicates that a single nucleotide substitution in TTG1 led to a premature stop at the W327 residue, leading to the production of a truncated TTG1 protein with a deletion of the last 15 C-terminal amino acids. The expression of TTG1 under the control of its native promoter fully restored the ttg1Δ15aa mutant phenotypes. Consistent with these observations, the expression levels of TTG1 downstream genes such as GLABRA2 (GL2) and CAPRICE (CPC) were reduced in the ttg1Δ15aa mutant. Assays in Arabidopsis protoplast show that TTG1Δ15aa failed to interact with the bHLH transcription factor GL3, and the deletion of the last 3 C-terminal amino acids or the 339L amino acid alone fully abolished the interaction of TTG1 with GL3. Furthermore, the expression of TTG1Δ3aa under the control of TTG1 native promoter failed to restore the ttg1Δ15aa mutant phenotypes. Taken together, our results suggest that the C-terminal domain of TTG1 is required for its proper function in Arabidopsis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8467004 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84670042021-09-27 The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis Wang, Yating Tian, Hainan Wang, Wei Wang, Xutong Zheng, Kaijie Hussain, Saddam Lin, Rao Wang, Tianya Wang, Shucai Int J Mol Sci Article The Arabidopsis WD40 repeat protein TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) regulates cell fate determination, including trichome initiation and root hair formation, as well as secondary metabolism such as flavonoid biosynthesis and seed coat mucilage production. TTG1 regulates different processes via regulating the expression of its downstream target genes by forming MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) activator complexes with different R2R3 MYB and bHLH transcription factors. Here, we report the identification of the carboxyl (C)-terminus as a critical domain for TTG1′s functions in Arabidopsis. We found that the ttg1Δ15aa mutant shows pleiotropic phenotypes identical to a TTG1 loss-of-function mutant. Gene sequencing indicates that a single nucleotide substitution in TTG1 led to a premature stop at the W327 residue, leading to the production of a truncated TTG1 protein with a deletion of the last 15 C-terminal amino acids. The expression of TTG1 under the control of its native promoter fully restored the ttg1Δ15aa mutant phenotypes. Consistent with these observations, the expression levels of TTG1 downstream genes such as GLABRA2 (GL2) and CAPRICE (CPC) were reduced in the ttg1Δ15aa mutant. Assays in Arabidopsis protoplast show that TTG1Δ15aa failed to interact with the bHLH transcription factor GL3, and the deletion of the last 3 C-terminal amino acids or the 339L amino acid alone fully abolished the interaction of TTG1 with GL3. Furthermore, the expression of TTG1Δ3aa under the control of TTG1 native promoter failed to restore the ttg1Δ15aa mutant phenotypes. Taken together, our results suggest that the C-terminal domain of TTG1 is required for its proper function in Arabidopsis. MDPI 2021-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8467004/ /pubmed/34576199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810039 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Yating Tian, Hainan Wang, Wei Wang, Xutong Zheng, Kaijie Hussain, Saddam Lin, Rao Wang, Tianya Wang, Shucai The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis |
title | The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis |
title_full | The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis |
title_fullStr | The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis |
title_short | The Carboxyl-Terminus of TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 Is Critical for Its Functions in Arabidopsis |
title_sort | carboxyl-terminus of transparent testa glabra1 is critical for its functions in arabidopsis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576199 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810039 |
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