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The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes

Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation i...

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Autores principales: Francini, Francesco, Gobbi, Laura, Ravarotto, Verdiana, Toniazzo, Silvia, Nalesso, Federico, Spinella, Paolo, Calò, Lorenzo A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467039/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578838
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092960
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author Francini, Francesco
Gobbi, Laura
Ravarotto, Verdiana
Toniazzo, Silvia
Nalesso, Federico
Spinella, Paolo
Calò, Lorenzo A
author_facet Francini, Francesco
Gobbi, Laura
Ravarotto, Verdiana
Toniazzo, Silvia
Nalesso, Federico
Spinella, Paolo
Calò, Lorenzo A
author_sort Francini, Francesco
collection PubMed
description Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation in addition to other pharmacologic options are widely established, recommendations about the dietary approach to GS and BS still remain generic. In this review we focus on the dietary strategies to increase sodium, potassium, and magnesium intake in GS and BS patients. Potassium and magnesium-rich foods and supplements are considered together with those that may reduce through different mechanisms the potassium and magnesium plasma level. Magnesium supplementation is often poorly tolerated, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in most patients. New formulations using liposome and, in particular, sucrosomial technology have been recently proposed for magnesium supplementation in order to increase magnesium supplement tolerability and intestinal absorption. The dietary approach to GS and BS may be very important in the therapeutic approach to these syndromes. Due to the relevance of the dietary approach to these syndromes, a nutritional counseling should always be recommended and the nutritionist should join nephrologists in the follow-up of GS and BS patient care.
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spelling pubmed-84670392021-09-27 The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes Francini, Francesco Gobbi, Laura Ravarotto, Verdiana Toniazzo, Silvia Nalesso, Federico Spinella, Paolo Calò, Lorenzo A Nutrients Review Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation in addition to other pharmacologic options are widely established, recommendations about the dietary approach to GS and BS still remain generic. In this review we focus on the dietary strategies to increase sodium, potassium, and magnesium intake in GS and BS patients. Potassium and magnesium-rich foods and supplements are considered together with those that may reduce through different mechanisms the potassium and magnesium plasma level. Magnesium supplementation is often poorly tolerated, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in most patients. New formulations using liposome and, in particular, sucrosomial technology have been recently proposed for magnesium supplementation in order to increase magnesium supplement tolerability and intestinal absorption. The dietary approach to GS and BS may be very important in the therapeutic approach to these syndromes. Due to the relevance of the dietary approach to these syndromes, a nutritional counseling should always be recommended and the nutritionist should join nephrologists in the follow-up of GS and BS patient care. MDPI 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8467039/ /pubmed/34578838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092960 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Francini, Francesco
Gobbi, Laura
Ravarotto, Verdiana
Toniazzo, Silvia
Nalesso, Federico
Spinella, Paolo
Calò, Lorenzo A
The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes
title The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes
title_full The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes
title_fullStr The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes
title_full_unstemmed The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes
title_short The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes
title_sort dietary approach to the treatment of the rare genetic tubulopathies gitelman’s and bartter’s syndromes
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467039/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578838
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092960
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