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The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes
Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation i...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092960 |
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author | Francini, Francesco Gobbi, Laura Ravarotto, Verdiana Toniazzo, Silvia Nalesso, Federico Spinella, Paolo Calò, Lorenzo A |
author_facet | Francini, Francesco Gobbi, Laura Ravarotto, Verdiana Toniazzo, Silvia Nalesso, Federico Spinella, Paolo Calò, Lorenzo A |
author_sort | Francini, Francesco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation in addition to other pharmacologic options are widely established, recommendations about the dietary approach to GS and BS still remain generic. In this review we focus on the dietary strategies to increase sodium, potassium, and magnesium intake in GS and BS patients. Potassium and magnesium-rich foods and supplements are considered together with those that may reduce through different mechanisms the potassium and magnesium plasma level. Magnesium supplementation is often poorly tolerated, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in most patients. New formulations using liposome and, in particular, sucrosomial technology have been recently proposed for magnesium supplementation in order to increase magnesium supplement tolerability and intestinal absorption. The dietary approach to GS and BS may be very important in the therapeutic approach to these syndromes. Due to the relevance of the dietary approach to these syndromes, a nutritional counseling should always be recommended and the nutritionist should join nephrologists in the follow-up of GS and BS patient care. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8467039 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84670392021-09-27 The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes Francini, Francesco Gobbi, Laura Ravarotto, Verdiana Toniazzo, Silvia Nalesso, Federico Spinella, Paolo Calò, Lorenzo A Nutrients Review Gitelman’s (GS) and Bartter’s (BS) syndromes are rare, inherited autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, renal sodium, chloride, and potassium and magnesium-wasting. While the treatment based on potassium, sodium, chloride, and magnesium supplementation in addition to other pharmacologic options are widely established, recommendations about the dietary approach to GS and BS still remain generic. In this review we focus on the dietary strategies to increase sodium, potassium, and magnesium intake in GS and BS patients. Potassium and magnesium-rich foods and supplements are considered together with those that may reduce through different mechanisms the potassium and magnesium plasma level. Magnesium supplementation is often poorly tolerated, causing abdominal pain and diarrhea in most patients. New formulations using liposome and, in particular, sucrosomial technology have been recently proposed for magnesium supplementation in order to increase magnesium supplement tolerability and intestinal absorption. The dietary approach to GS and BS may be very important in the therapeutic approach to these syndromes. Due to the relevance of the dietary approach to these syndromes, a nutritional counseling should always be recommended and the nutritionist should join nephrologists in the follow-up of GS and BS patient care. MDPI 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8467039/ /pubmed/34578838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092960 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Francini, Francesco Gobbi, Laura Ravarotto, Verdiana Toniazzo, Silvia Nalesso, Federico Spinella, Paolo Calò, Lorenzo A The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes |
title | The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes |
title_full | The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes |
title_fullStr | The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes |
title_full_unstemmed | The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes |
title_short | The Dietary Approach to the Treatment of the Rare Genetic Tubulopathies Gitelman’s and Bartter’s Syndromes |
title_sort | dietary approach to the treatment of the rare genetic tubulopathies gitelman’s and bartter’s syndromes |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578838 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092960 |
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