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Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects

Transition from seed to seedling is one of the critical developmental steps, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. This res...

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Autores principales: Smolikova, Galina, Strygina, Ksenia, Krylova, Ekaterina, Leonova, Tatiana, Frolov, Andrej, Khlestkina, Elena, Medvedev, Sergei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091884
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author Smolikova, Galina
Strygina, Ksenia
Krylova, Ekaterina
Leonova, Tatiana
Frolov, Andrej
Khlestkina, Elena
Medvedev, Sergei
author_facet Smolikova, Galina
Strygina, Ksenia
Krylova, Ekaterina
Leonova, Tatiana
Frolov, Andrej
Khlestkina, Elena
Medvedev, Sergei
author_sort Smolikova, Galina
collection PubMed
description Transition from seed to seedling is one of the critical developmental steps, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. This results in suppression of the genes controlling seed maturation and activation of those involved in regulation of vegetative growth. At the level of hormonal regulation, these events are controlled by the balance of abscisic acid and gibberellins, although ethylene, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, and jasmonates are also involved. The key players include the members of the LAFL network—the transcription factors LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and 2 (LEC 1 and 2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and FUSCA3 (FUS3), as well as DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1). They are the negative regulators of seed germination and need to be suppressed before seedling development can be initiated. This repressive signal is mediated by chromatin remodeling complexes—POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), as well as PICKLE (PKL) and PICKLE-RELATED2 (PKR2) proteins. Finally, epigenetic methylation of cytosine residues in DNA, histone post-translational modifications, and post-transcriptional downregulation of seed maturation genes with miRNA are discussed. Here, we summarize recent updates in the study of hormonal and epigenetic switches involved in regulation of the transition from seed germination to the post-germination stage.
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spelling pubmed-84672992021-09-27 Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects Smolikova, Galina Strygina, Ksenia Krylova, Ekaterina Leonova, Tatiana Frolov, Andrej Khlestkina, Elena Medvedev, Sergei Plants (Basel) Review Transition from seed to seedling is one of the critical developmental steps, dramatically affecting plant growth and viability. Before plants enter the vegetative phase of their ontogenesis, massive rearrangements of signaling pathways and switching of gene expression programs are required. This results in suppression of the genes controlling seed maturation and activation of those involved in regulation of vegetative growth. At the level of hormonal regulation, these events are controlled by the balance of abscisic acid and gibberellins, although ethylene, auxins, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, and jasmonates are also involved. The key players include the members of the LAFL network—the transcription factors LEAFY COTYLEDON1 and 2 (LEC 1 and 2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and FUSCA3 (FUS3), as well as DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1). They are the negative regulators of seed germination and need to be suppressed before seedling development can be initiated. This repressive signal is mediated by chromatin remodeling complexes—POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2), as well as PICKLE (PKL) and PICKLE-RELATED2 (PKR2) proteins. Finally, epigenetic methylation of cytosine residues in DNA, histone post-translational modifications, and post-transcriptional downregulation of seed maturation genes with miRNA are discussed. Here, we summarize recent updates in the study of hormonal and epigenetic switches involved in regulation of the transition from seed germination to the post-germination stage. MDPI 2021-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8467299/ /pubmed/34579418 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091884 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Smolikova, Galina
Strygina, Ksenia
Krylova, Ekaterina
Leonova, Tatiana
Frolov, Andrej
Khlestkina, Elena
Medvedev, Sergei
Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects
title Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects
title_full Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects
title_fullStr Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects
title_full_unstemmed Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects
title_short Transition from Seeds to Seedlings: Hormonal and Epigenetic Aspects
title_sort transition from seeds to seedlings: hormonal and epigenetic aspects
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579418
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091884
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