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Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease

Chronic kidney disease affects ~37 million adults in the US, and it is often undiagnosed due to a lack of apparent symptoms in early stages. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) interferes with the body’s physiological and biological mechanisms, such as fluid electrolyte and pH balance, blood pressure regul...

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Autores principales: Naber, Tania, Purohit, Sharad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579153
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093277
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author Naber, Tania
Purohit, Sharad
author_facet Naber, Tania
Purohit, Sharad
author_sort Naber, Tania
collection PubMed
description Chronic kidney disease affects ~37 million adults in the US, and it is often undiagnosed due to a lack of apparent symptoms in early stages. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) interferes with the body’s physiological and biological mechanisms, such as fluid electrolyte and pH balance, blood pressure regulation, excretion of toxins and waste, vitamin D metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Many CKD patients are at risk of hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, chronic metabolic acidosis, bone deterioration, blood pressure abnormalities, and edema. These risks may be minimized, and the disease’s progression may be slowed through careful monitoring of protein, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and calcium, relieving symptoms experienced by CKD patients. In this review, the current Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) recommendations are highlighted, reflecting the 2020 update, including explanations for the pathophysiology behind the recommendations. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, the Mediterranean diet, and the whole foods plant-based diet are currently being examined for their potential role in delaying CKD progression. Biological explanations for why the whole foods plant-based diet may benefit CKD patients compared to diets that include animal products are examined. Strong evidence continues to support the importance of diet meeting the daily requirement in the prevention and progression of kidney disease, and medical nutrition therapy with a registered dietitian is a critical aspect in medical intervention for CKD.
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spelling pubmed-84673422021-09-27 Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease Naber, Tania Purohit, Sharad Nutrients Review Chronic kidney disease affects ~37 million adults in the US, and it is often undiagnosed due to a lack of apparent symptoms in early stages. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) interferes with the body’s physiological and biological mechanisms, such as fluid electrolyte and pH balance, blood pressure regulation, excretion of toxins and waste, vitamin D metabolism, and hormonal regulation. Many CKD patients are at risk of hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, chronic metabolic acidosis, bone deterioration, blood pressure abnormalities, and edema. These risks may be minimized, and the disease’s progression may be slowed through careful monitoring of protein, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and calcium, relieving symptoms experienced by CKD patients. In this review, the current Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) recommendations are highlighted, reflecting the 2020 update, including explanations for the pathophysiology behind the recommendations. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, the Mediterranean diet, and the whole foods plant-based diet are currently being examined for their potential role in delaying CKD progression. Biological explanations for why the whole foods plant-based diet may benefit CKD patients compared to diets that include animal products are examined. Strong evidence continues to support the importance of diet meeting the daily requirement in the prevention and progression of kidney disease, and medical nutrition therapy with a registered dietitian is a critical aspect in medical intervention for CKD. MDPI 2021-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8467342/ /pubmed/34579153 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093277 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Naber, Tania
Purohit, Sharad
Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease
title Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease
title_full Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease
title_fullStr Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease
title_full_unstemmed Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease
title_short Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Diet for a Reduction in the Severity of the Disease
title_sort chronic kidney disease: role of diet for a reduction in the severity of the disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467342/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579153
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093277
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