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Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas

The Amazonian symbol fish Arapaima gigas is the only living representative of the Arapamidae family. Environmental pressures and illegal fishing threaten the species’ survival. To protect wild populations, a national regulation must be developed for the management of A. gigas throughout the Amazon b...

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Autores principales: Fazzi-Gomes, Paola Fabiana, Aguiar, Jonas da Paz, Marques, Diego, Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce, Moreira, Fabiano Cordeiro, Rodrigues, Marilia Danyelle Nunes, Silva, Caio Santos, Hamoy, Igor, Santos, Sidney
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467478/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573306
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091324
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author Fazzi-Gomes, Paola Fabiana
Aguiar, Jonas da Paz
Marques, Diego
Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce
Moreira, Fabiano Cordeiro
Rodrigues, Marilia Danyelle Nunes
Silva, Caio Santos
Hamoy, Igor
Santos, Sidney
author_facet Fazzi-Gomes, Paola Fabiana
Aguiar, Jonas da Paz
Marques, Diego
Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce
Moreira, Fabiano Cordeiro
Rodrigues, Marilia Danyelle Nunes
Silva, Caio Santos
Hamoy, Igor
Santos, Sidney
author_sort Fazzi-Gomes, Paola Fabiana
collection PubMed
description The Amazonian symbol fish Arapaima gigas is the only living representative of the Arapamidae family. Environmental pressures and illegal fishing threaten the species’ survival. To protect wild populations, a national regulation must be developed for the management of A. gigas throughout the Amazon basin. Moreover, the reproductive genetic management and recruitment of additional founders by aquaculture farms are needed to mitigate the damage caused by domestication. To contribute to the sustainable development, we investigated the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated populations of A. gigas and developed a panel composed by 12 microsatellite markers for individual and population genetic tracing. We analyzed 368 samples from three wild and four farmed populations. The results revealed low rates of genetic diversity in all populations, loss of genetic diversity and high inbreeding rates in farmed populations, and genetic structuring among wild and farmed populations. Genetic tracing using the 12 microsatellite markers was effective, and presented a better performance in identifying samples at the population level. The 12-microsatellite panel is appliable to the legal aspects of the trade of the A. gigas, such as origin discrimination, reproductive genetic management by DNA profiling, and evaluation and monitoring of genetic diversity.
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spelling pubmed-84674782021-09-27 Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas Fazzi-Gomes, Paola Fabiana Aguiar, Jonas da Paz Marques, Diego Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce Moreira, Fabiano Cordeiro Rodrigues, Marilia Danyelle Nunes Silva, Caio Santos Hamoy, Igor Santos, Sidney Genes (Basel) Article The Amazonian symbol fish Arapaima gigas is the only living representative of the Arapamidae family. Environmental pressures and illegal fishing threaten the species’ survival. To protect wild populations, a national regulation must be developed for the management of A. gigas throughout the Amazon basin. Moreover, the reproductive genetic management and recruitment of additional founders by aquaculture farms are needed to mitigate the damage caused by domestication. To contribute to the sustainable development, we investigated the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated populations of A. gigas and developed a panel composed by 12 microsatellite markers for individual and population genetic tracing. We analyzed 368 samples from three wild and four farmed populations. The results revealed low rates of genetic diversity in all populations, loss of genetic diversity and high inbreeding rates in farmed populations, and genetic structuring among wild and farmed populations. Genetic tracing using the 12 microsatellite markers was effective, and presented a better performance in identifying samples at the population level. The 12-microsatellite panel is appliable to the legal aspects of the trade of the A. gigas, such as origin discrimination, reproductive genetic management by DNA profiling, and evaluation and monitoring of genetic diversity. MDPI 2021-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8467478/ /pubmed/34573306 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091324 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fazzi-Gomes, Paola Fabiana
Aguiar, Jonas da Paz
Marques, Diego
Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce
Moreira, Fabiano Cordeiro
Rodrigues, Marilia Danyelle Nunes
Silva, Caio Santos
Hamoy, Igor
Santos, Sidney
Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas
title Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas
title_full Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas
title_fullStr Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas
title_full_unstemmed Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas
title_short Novel Microsatellite Markers Used for Determining Genetic Diversity and Tracing of Wild and Farmed Populations of the Amazonian Giant Fish Arapaima gigas
title_sort novel microsatellite markers used for determining genetic diversity and tracing of wild and farmed populations of the amazonian giant fish arapaima gigas
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467478/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573306
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091324
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