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Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia

The ability to rapidly stop or change a planned action is a critical cognitive process that is impaired in schizophrenia. The current study aimed to examine whether this impairment reflects familial vulnerability to schizophrenia across two experiments comparing unaffected first-degree relatives to...

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Autores principales: Lehet, Matthew, Tso, Ivy F., Park, Sohee, Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W., Thompson, Ilse A., Kahn, Rene S., Thakkar, Katharine N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467791/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091228
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author Lehet, Matthew
Tso, Ivy F.
Park, Sohee
Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W.
Thompson, Ilse A.
Kahn, Rene S.
Thakkar, Katharine N.
author_facet Lehet, Matthew
Tso, Ivy F.
Park, Sohee
Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W.
Thompson, Ilse A.
Kahn, Rene S.
Thakkar, Katharine N.
author_sort Lehet, Matthew
collection PubMed
description The ability to rapidly stop or change a planned action is a critical cognitive process that is impaired in schizophrenia. The current study aimed to examine whether this impairment reflects familial vulnerability to schizophrenia across two experiments comparing unaffected first-degree relatives to healthy controls. First, we examined performance on a saccadic stop-signal task that required rapid inhibition of an eye movement. Then, in a different sample, we investigated behavioral and neural responses (using fMRI) during a stop-signal task variant that required rapid modification of a prepared eye movement. Here, we examined differences between relatives and healthy controls in terms of activation and effective connectivity within an oculomotor control network during task performance. Like individuals with schizophrenia, the unaffected relatives showed behavioral evidence for more inefficient inhibitory processes. Unlike previous findings in individuals with schizophrenia, however, the relatives showed evidence for a compensatory waiting strategy. Behavioral differences were accompanied by more activation among the relatives in task-relevant regions across conditions and group differences in effective connectivity across the task that were modulated differently by the instruction to exert control over a planned saccade. Effective connectivity parameters were related to behavioral measures of inhibition efficiency. The results suggest that individuals at familial risk for schizophrenia were engaging an oculomotor control network differently than controls and in a way that compromises inhibition efficiency.
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spelling pubmed-84677912021-09-27 Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia Lehet, Matthew Tso, Ivy F. Park, Sohee Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W. Thompson, Ilse A. Kahn, Rene S. Thakkar, Katharine N. Brain Sci Article The ability to rapidly stop or change a planned action is a critical cognitive process that is impaired in schizophrenia. The current study aimed to examine whether this impairment reflects familial vulnerability to schizophrenia across two experiments comparing unaffected first-degree relatives to healthy controls. First, we examined performance on a saccadic stop-signal task that required rapid inhibition of an eye movement. Then, in a different sample, we investigated behavioral and neural responses (using fMRI) during a stop-signal task variant that required rapid modification of a prepared eye movement. Here, we examined differences between relatives and healthy controls in terms of activation and effective connectivity within an oculomotor control network during task performance. Like individuals with schizophrenia, the unaffected relatives showed behavioral evidence for more inefficient inhibitory processes. Unlike previous findings in individuals with schizophrenia, however, the relatives showed evidence for a compensatory waiting strategy. Behavioral differences were accompanied by more activation among the relatives in task-relevant regions across conditions and group differences in effective connectivity across the task that were modulated differently by the instruction to exert control over a planned saccade. Effective connectivity parameters were related to behavioral measures of inhibition efficiency. The results suggest that individuals at familial risk for schizophrenia were engaging an oculomotor control network differently than controls and in a way that compromises inhibition efficiency. MDPI 2021-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8467791/ /pubmed/34573248 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091228 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lehet, Matthew
Tso, Ivy F.
Park, Sohee
Neggers, Sebastiaan F. W.
Thompson, Ilse A.
Kahn, Rene S.
Thakkar, Katharine N.
Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia
title Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia
title_full Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia
title_fullStr Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia
title_short Altered Effective Connectivity within an Oculomotor Control Network in Unaffected Relatives of Individuals with Schizophrenia
title_sort altered effective connectivity within an oculomotor control network in unaffected relatives of individuals with schizophrenia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467791/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573248
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091228
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