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The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code
Combinatorial fusion cascade was proposed as a transition stage between prebiotic chemistry and early forms of life. The combinatorial fusion cascade consists of three stages: eight initial complimentary pairs of amino acids, four protocodes, and the standard genetic code. The initial complimentary...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467831/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090975 |
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author | Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander Popov, Roman |
author_facet | Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander Popov, Roman |
author_sort | Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander |
collection | PubMed |
description | Combinatorial fusion cascade was proposed as a transition stage between prebiotic chemistry and early forms of life. The combinatorial fusion cascade consists of three stages: eight initial complimentary pairs of amino acids, four protocodes, and the standard genetic code. The initial complimentary pairs and the protocodes are divided into dominant and recessive entities. The transitions between these stages obey the same combinatorial fusion rules for all amino acids. The combinatorial fusion cascade mathematically describes the codon assignments in the standard genetic code. It explains the availability of amino acids with the even and odd numbers of codons, the appearance of stop codons, inclusion of novel canonical amino acids, exceptional high numbers of codons for amino acids arginine, leucine, and serine, and the temporal order of amino acid inclusion into the genetic code. The temporal order of amino acids within the cascade is congruent with the consensus temporal order previously derived from the similarities between the available hypotheses. The control over the combinatorial fusion cascades would open the road for a novel technology to develop artificial microorganisms. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8467831 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84678312021-09-27 The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander Popov, Roman Life (Basel) Article Combinatorial fusion cascade was proposed as a transition stage between prebiotic chemistry and early forms of life. The combinatorial fusion cascade consists of three stages: eight initial complimentary pairs of amino acids, four protocodes, and the standard genetic code. The initial complimentary pairs and the protocodes are divided into dominant and recessive entities. The transitions between these stages obey the same combinatorial fusion rules for all amino acids. The combinatorial fusion cascade mathematically describes the codon assignments in the standard genetic code. It explains the availability of amino acids with the even and odd numbers of codons, the appearance of stop codons, inclusion of novel canonical amino acids, exceptional high numbers of codons for amino acids arginine, leucine, and serine, and the temporal order of amino acid inclusion into the genetic code. The temporal order of amino acids within the cascade is congruent with the consensus temporal order previously derived from the similarities between the available hypotheses. The control over the combinatorial fusion cascades would open the road for a novel technology to develop artificial microorganisms. MDPI 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8467831/ /pubmed/34575125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090975 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander Popov, Roman The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code |
title | The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code |
title_full | The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code |
title_fullStr | The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code |
title_full_unstemmed | The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code |
title_short | The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code |
title_sort | combinatorial fusion cascade to generate the standard genetic code |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467831/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090975 |
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