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The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code

Combinatorial fusion cascade was proposed as a transition stage between prebiotic chemistry and early forms of life. The combinatorial fusion cascade consists of three stages: eight initial complimentary pairs of amino acids, four protocodes, and the standard genetic code. The initial complimentary...

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Autores principales: Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander, Popov, Roman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575125
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090975
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author Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander
Popov, Roman
author_facet Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander
Popov, Roman
author_sort Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander
collection PubMed
description Combinatorial fusion cascade was proposed as a transition stage between prebiotic chemistry and early forms of life. The combinatorial fusion cascade consists of three stages: eight initial complimentary pairs of amino acids, four protocodes, and the standard genetic code. The initial complimentary pairs and the protocodes are divided into dominant and recessive entities. The transitions between these stages obey the same combinatorial fusion rules for all amino acids. The combinatorial fusion cascade mathematically describes the codon assignments in the standard genetic code. It explains the availability of amino acids with the even and odd numbers of codons, the appearance of stop codons, inclusion of novel canonical amino acids, exceptional high numbers of codons for amino acids arginine, leucine, and serine, and the temporal order of amino acid inclusion into the genetic code. The temporal order of amino acids within the cascade is congruent with the consensus temporal order previously derived from the similarities between the available hypotheses. The control over the combinatorial fusion cascades would open the road for a novel technology to develop artificial microorganisms.
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spelling pubmed-84678312021-09-27 The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander Popov, Roman Life (Basel) Article Combinatorial fusion cascade was proposed as a transition stage between prebiotic chemistry and early forms of life. The combinatorial fusion cascade consists of three stages: eight initial complimentary pairs of amino acids, four protocodes, and the standard genetic code. The initial complimentary pairs and the protocodes are divided into dominant and recessive entities. The transitions between these stages obey the same combinatorial fusion rules for all amino acids. The combinatorial fusion cascade mathematically describes the codon assignments in the standard genetic code. It explains the availability of amino acids with the even and odd numbers of codons, the appearance of stop codons, inclusion of novel canonical amino acids, exceptional high numbers of codons for amino acids arginine, leucine, and serine, and the temporal order of amino acid inclusion into the genetic code. The temporal order of amino acids within the cascade is congruent with the consensus temporal order previously derived from the similarities between the available hypotheses. The control over the combinatorial fusion cascades would open the road for a novel technology to develop artificial microorganisms. MDPI 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8467831/ /pubmed/34575125 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090975 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Nesterov-Mueller, Alexander
Popov, Roman
The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code
title The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code
title_full The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code
title_fullStr The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code
title_full_unstemmed The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code
title_short The Combinatorial Fusion Cascade to Generate the Standard Genetic Code
title_sort combinatorial fusion cascade to generate the standard genetic code
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575125
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090975
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