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Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme
Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion o...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577844 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090921 |
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author | Soares, Alexa Sokumbi, Olayemi |
author_facet | Soares, Alexa Sokumbi, Olayemi |
author_sort | Soares, Alexa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion of cases are due to an unidentifiable cause. EM can be confused with other more serious conditions like Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS); however, clinical research has provided significant evidence to classify EM and SJS as separate disorders. Treatment of EM is highly variable, depending on the etiology, the involvement of mucosal sites, and the chronicity (acute vs. recurring) of the disease. If the etiology or causal medication/infection is identified, then the medication is stopped and/or the infection is treated prior to initiating symptomatic treatment. Treatment for acute EM is focused on relieving symptoms with topical steroids or antihistamines. Treatment for recurrent EM is most successful when tailored to individual patients. First line treatment for recurrent EM includes both systemic and topical therapies. Systemic therapies include corticosteroid therapy and antiviral prophylaxis. Topical therapies include high-potency corticosteroids, and antiseptic or anesthetic solutions for mucosal involvement. Second-line therapies for patients who do not respond to antiviral medications include immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and antimalarials |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8467974 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84679742021-09-27 Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme Soares, Alexa Sokumbi, Olayemi Medicina (Kaunas) Review Erythema multiforme (EM) is an immune-mediated condition that classically presents with discrete targetoid lesions and can involve both mucosal and cutaneous sites. While EM is typically preceded by viral infections, most notably herpes simplex virus (HSV), and certain medications, a large portion of cases are due to an unidentifiable cause. EM can be confused with other more serious conditions like Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS); however, clinical research has provided significant evidence to classify EM and SJS as separate disorders. Treatment of EM is highly variable, depending on the etiology, the involvement of mucosal sites, and the chronicity (acute vs. recurring) of the disease. If the etiology or causal medication/infection is identified, then the medication is stopped and/or the infection is treated prior to initiating symptomatic treatment. Treatment for acute EM is focused on relieving symptoms with topical steroids or antihistamines. Treatment for recurrent EM is most successful when tailored to individual patients. First line treatment for recurrent EM includes both systemic and topical therapies. Systemic therapies include corticosteroid therapy and antiviral prophylaxis. Topical therapies include high-potency corticosteroids, and antiseptic or anesthetic solutions for mucosal involvement. Second-line therapies for patients who do not respond to antiviral medications include immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics, anthelmintics, and antimalarials MDPI 2021-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8467974/ /pubmed/34577844 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090921 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Soares, Alexa Sokumbi, Olayemi Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme |
title | Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme |
title_full | Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme |
title_fullStr | Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme |
title_short | Recent Updates in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme |
title_sort | recent updates in the treatment of erythema multiforme |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8467974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577844 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57090921 |
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