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Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model

Global aging has raised increasing concerns on the health and well-being of older adults. Public transport is a viable option to improve the mobility and quality of life among older adults. However, policies that promote the public transport use among older adults are rare. This study utilizes the e...

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Autores principales: Wang, Lanjing, Zhao, Chunli, Liu, Xiaofei, Chen, Xumei, Li, Chaoyang, Wang, Tao, Wu, Jiani, Zhang, Yi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574517
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189592
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author Wang, Lanjing
Zhao, Chunli
Liu, Xiaofei
Chen, Xumei
Li, Chaoyang
Wang, Tao
Wu, Jiani
Zhang, Yi
author_facet Wang, Lanjing
Zhao, Chunli
Liu, Xiaofei
Chen, Xumei
Li, Chaoyang
Wang, Tao
Wu, Jiani
Zhang, Yi
author_sort Wang, Lanjing
collection PubMed
description Global aging has raised increasing concerns on the health and well-being of older adults. Public transport is a viable option to improve the mobility and quality of life among older adults. However, policies that promote the public transport use among older adults are rare. This study utilizes the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) decision tree to explore the non-linear associations of the built and social environment with bus use among older adults in China. The bus use of older adults was obtained from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. Results show that non-linear relationships exist among all built environment and social environment characteristics. Within certain thresholds, the percentage of green space land use, land use mixture, bus-stop density, and dwelling unit density are positively related to bus use among older adults. Likewise, one social environment variable, the proportion of older adults in a neighborhood, is the key social environment variable. Furthermore, the dwelling unit density and proportion of older adults appear to have an inverse U-shaped relationship. Additionally, age, ownership of motorcycles, and distance from home to the nearest bus stop also show non-linearity. The findings presented in this paper facilitate effective planning interventions to promote bus use among older adults.
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spelling pubmed-84684852021-09-27 Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model Wang, Lanjing Zhao, Chunli Liu, Xiaofei Chen, Xumei Li, Chaoyang Wang, Tao Wu, Jiani Zhang, Yi Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Global aging has raised increasing concerns on the health and well-being of older adults. Public transport is a viable option to improve the mobility and quality of life among older adults. However, policies that promote the public transport use among older adults are rare. This study utilizes the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) decision tree to explore the non-linear associations of the built and social environment with bus use among older adults in China. The bus use of older adults was obtained from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. Results show that non-linear relationships exist among all built environment and social environment characteristics. Within certain thresholds, the percentage of green space land use, land use mixture, bus-stop density, and dwelling unit density are positively related to bus use among older adults. Likewise, one social environment variable, the proportion of older adults in a neighborhood, is the key social environment variable. Furthermore, the dwelling unit density and proportion of older adults appear to have an inverse U-shaped relationship. Additionally, age, ownership of motorcycles, and distance from home to the nearest bus stop also show non-linearity. The findings presented in this paper facilitate effective planning interventions to promote bus use among older adults. MDPI 2021-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8468485/ /pubmed/34574517 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189592 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Lanjing
Zhao, Chunli
Liu, Xiaofei
Chen, Xumei
Li, Chaoyang
Wang, Tao
Wu, Jiani
Zhang, Yi
Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model
title Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model
title_full Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model
title_fullStr Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model
title_full_unstemmed Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model
title_short Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model
title_sort non-linear effects of the built environment and social environment on bus use among older adults in china: an application of the xgboost model
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468485/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574517
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189592
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