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A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the im...

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Autores principales: Kebande, Victor R., Awaysheh, Feras M., Ikuesan, Richard A., Alawadi, Sadi A., Alshehri, Mohammad Dahman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577224
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186018
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author Kebande, Victor R.
Awaysheh, Feras M.
Ikuesan, Richard A.
Alawadi, Sadi A.
Alshehri, Mohammad Dahman
author_facet Kebande, Victor R.
Awaysheh, Feras M.
Ikuesan, Richard A.
Alawadi, Sadi A.
Alshehri, Mohammad Dahman
author_sort Kebande, Victor R.
collection PubMed
description Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the implicit functionalities that are focused on realizing the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) vision. However, IoV is susceptible to attacks, where adversaries can easily exploit existing vulnerabilities. Several attacks may succeed due to inadequate or ineffective authentication techniques. Hence, there is a timely need for hardening the authentication process through cutting-edge access control mechanisms. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Multi-Factor authentication model that uses an embedded Digital Signature (MFBC_eDS) for vehicular clouds and Cloud-enabled IoV. Our proposed MFBC_eDS model consists of a scheme that integrates the Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) to the Single Sign-On (SSO) capabilities for a connected edge to cloud ecosystem. MFBC_eDS draws an essential comparison with the baseline authentication scheme suggested by Karla and Sood. Based on the foundations of Karla and Sood’s scheme, an embedded Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Algorithm (ePPTA) and an additional Hash function for the [Formula: see text] generated during Karla and Sood’s authentication were proposed and discussed. The preliminary analysis of the proposition shows that the approach is more suitable to counter major adversarial attacks in an IoV-centered environment based on the Dolev–Yao adversarial model while satisfying aspects of the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad.
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spelling pubmed-84686492021-09-27 A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles Kebande, Victor R. Awaysheh, Feras M. Ikuesan, Richard A. Alawadi, Sadi A. Alshehri, Mohammad Dahman Sensors (Basel) Article Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the implicit functionalities that are focused on realizing the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) vision. However, IoV is susceptible to attacks, where adversaries can easily exploit existing vulnerabilities. Several attacks may succeed due to inadequate or ineffective authentication techniques. Hence, there is a timely need for hardening the authentication process through cutting-edge access control mechanisms. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Multi-Factor authentication model that uses an embedded Digital Signature (MFBC_eDS) for vehicular clouds and Cloud-enabled IoV. Our proposed MFBC_eDS model consists of a scheme that integrates the Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) to the Single Sign-On (SSO) capabilities for a connected edge to cloud ecosystem. MFBC_eDS draws an essential comparison with the baseline authentication scheme suggested by Karla and Sood. Based on the foundations of Karla and Sood’s scheme, an embedded Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Algorithm (ePPTA) and an additional Hash function for the [Formula: see text] generated during Karla and Sood’s authentication were proposed and discussed. The preliminary analysis of the proposition shows that the approach is more suitable to counter major adversarial attacks in an IoV-centered environment based on the Dolev–Yao adversarial model while satisfying aspects of the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad. MDPI 2021-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8468649/ /pubmed/34577224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186018 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kebande, Victor R.
Awaysheh, Feras M.
Ikuesan, Richard A.
Alawadi, Sadi A.
Alshehri, Mohammad Dahman
A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
title A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
title_full A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
title_fullStr A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
title_full_unstemmed A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
title_short A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
title_sort blockchain-based multi-factor authentication model for a cloud-enabled internet of vehicles
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468649/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34577224
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186018
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