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Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)

Nemertea is a phylum consisting of 1300 mostly marine species. Nemertea is distinguished by an eversible muscular proboscis, and most of the species are venomous. Genomic resources for this phylum are scarce despite their value in understanding biodiversity. Here, we present genome size estimates of...

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Autores principales: Paule, Juraj, von Döhren, Jörn, Sagorny, Christina, Nilsson, Maria A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573329
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091347
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author Paule, Juraj
von Döhren, Jörn
Sagorny, Christina
Nilsson, Maria A.
author_facet Paule, Juraj
von Döhren, Jörn
Sagorny, Christina
Nilsson, Maria A.
author_sort Paule, Juraj
collection PubMed
description Nemertea is a phylum consisting of 1300 mostly marine species. Nemertea is distinguished by an eversible muscular proboscis, and most of the species are venomous. Genomic resources for this phylum are scarce despite their value in understanding biodiversity. Here, we present genome size estimates of Nemertea based on flow cytometry and their relationship to different morphological and developmental traits. Ancestral genome size estimations were done across the nemertean phylogeny. The results increase the available genome size estimates for Nemertea three-fold. Our analyses show that Nemertea has a narrow genome size range (0.43–3.89 pg) compared to other phyla in Lophotrochozoa. A relationship between genome size and evolutionary rate, developmental modes, and habitat was found. Trait analyses show that the highest evolutionary rate of genome size is found in upper intertidal, viviparous species with direct development. Despite previous findings, body size in nemerteans was not correlated with genome size. A relatively small genome (1.18 pg) is assumed for the most recent common ancestor of all extant nemerteans. The results provide an important basis for future studies in nemertean genomics, which will be instrumental to understanding the evolution of this enigmatic and often neglected phylum.
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spelling pubmed-84686792021-09-27 Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) Paule, Juraj von Döhren, Jörn Sagorny, Christina Nilsson, Maria A. Genes (Basel) Article Nemertea is a phylum consisting of 1300 mostly marine species. Nemertea is distinguished by an eversible muscular proboscis, and most of the species are venomous. Genomic resources for this phylum are scarce despite their value in understanding biodiversity. Here, we present genome size estimates of Nemertea based on flow cytometry and their relationship to different morphological and developmental traits. Ancestral genome size estimations were done across the nemertean phylogeny. The results increase the available genome size estimates for Nemertea three-fold. Our analyses show that Nemertea has a narrow genome size range (0.43–3.89 pg) compared to other phyla in Lophotrochozoa. A relationship between genome size and evolutionary rate, developmental modes, and habitat was found. Trait analyses show that the highest evolutionary rate of genome size is found in upper intertidal, viviparous species with direct development. Despite previous findings, body size in nemerteans was not correlated with genome size. A relatively small genome (1.18 pg) is assumed for the most recent common ancestor of all extant nemerteans. The results provide an important basis for future studies in nemertean genomics, which will be instrumental to understanding the evolution of this enigmatic and often neglected phylum. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8468679/ /pubmed/34573329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091347 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Paule, Juraj
von Döhren, Jörn
Sagorny, Christina
Nilsson, Maria A.
Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
title Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
title_full Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
title_fullStr Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
title_full_unstemmed Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
title_short Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
title_sort genome size dynamics in marine ribbon worms (nemertea, spiralia)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468679/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573329
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091347
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