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Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia)
Nemertea is a phylum consisting of 1300 mostly marine species. Nemertea is distinguished by an eversible muscular proboscis, and most of the species are venomous. Genomic resources for this phylum are scarce despite their value in understanding biodiversity. Here, we present genome size estimates of...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091347 |
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author | Paule, Juraj von Döhren, Jörn Sagorny, Christina Nilsson, Maria A. |
author_facet | Paule, Juraj von Döhren, Jörn Sagorny, Christina Nilsson, Maria A. |
author_sort | Paule, Juraj |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nemertea is a phylum consisting of 1300 mostly marine species. Nemertea is distinguished by an eversible muscular proboscis, and most of the species are venomous. Genomic resources for this phylum are scarce despite their value in understanding biodiversity. Here, we present genome size estimates of Nemertea based on flow cytometry and their relationship to different morphological and developmental traits. Ancestral genome size estimations were done across the nemertean phylogeny. The results increase the available genome size estimates for Nemertea three-fold. Our analyses show that Nemertea has a narrow genome size range (0.43–3.89 pg) compared to other phyla in Lophotrochozoa. A relationship between genome size and evolutionary rate, developmental modes, and habitat was found. Trait analyses show that the highest evolutionary rate of genome size is found in upper intertidal, viviparous species with direct development. Despite previous findings, body size in nemerteans was not correlated with genome size. A relatively small genome (1.18 pg) is assumed for the most recent common ancestor of all extant nemerteans. The results provide an important basis for future studies in nemertean genomics, which will be instrumental to understanding the evolution of this enigmatic and often neglected phylum. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8468679 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84686792021-09-27 Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) Paule, Juraj von Döhren, Jörn Sagorny, Christina Nilsson, Maria A. Genes (Basel) Article Nemertea is a phylum consisting of 1300 mostly marine species. Nemertea is distinguished by an eversible muscular proboscis, and most of the species are venomous. Genomic resources for this phylum are scarce despite their value in understanding biodiversity. Here, we present genome size estimates of Nemertea based on flow cytometry and their relationship to different morphological and developmental traits. Ancestral genome size estimations were done across the nemertean phylogeny. The results increase the available genome size estimates for Nemertea three-fold. Our analyses show that Nemertea has a narrow genome size range (0.43–3.89 pg) compared to other phyla in Lophotrochozoa. A relationship between genome size and evolutionary rate, developmental modes, and habitat was found. Trait analyses show that the highest evolutionary rate of genome size is found in upper intertidal, viviparous species with direct development. Despite previous findings, body size in nemerteans was not correlated with genome size. A relatively small genome (1.18 pg) is assumed for the most recent common ancestor of all extant nemerteans. The results provide an important basis for future studies in nemertean genomics, which will be instrumental to understanding the evolution of this enigmatic and often neglected phylum. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8468679/ /pubmed/34573329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091347 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Paule, Juraj von Döhren, Jörn Sagorny, Christina Nilsson, Maria A. Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) |
title | Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) |
title_full | Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) |
title_fullStr | Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) |
title_full_unstemmed | Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) |
title_short | Genome Size Dynamics in Marine Ribbon Worms (Nemertea, Spiralia) |
title_sort | genome size dynamics in marine ribbon worms (nemertea, spiralia) |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573329 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12091347 |
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