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Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation
Papain is a proteolytic enzyme present in the leaves, fruits, roots, and latex of the Carica papaya (papaya) plant. Although it exhibits a wide range of activities, there are no reports on the anti-obesity effects of papain. This study examined the anti-obesity effect and obesity-involved anti-infla...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468764/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576066 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189885 |
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author | Kang, Yun-Mi Kang, Hyun-Ae Cominguez, Divina C. Kim, Su-Hyun An, Hyo-Jin |
author_facet | Kang, Yun-Mi Kang, Hyun-Ae Cominguez, Divina C. Kim, Su-Hyun An, Hyo-Jin |
author_sort | Kang, Yun-Mi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Papain is a proteolytic enzyme present in the leaves, fruits, roots, and latex of the Carica papaya (papaya) plant. Although it exhibits a wide range of activities, there are no reports on the anti-obesity effects of papain. This study examined the anti-obesity effect and obesity-involved anti-inflammatory mechanism of papain in in vivo and in vitro models using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of papain reduced HFD-induced weight of the body, liver, and adipose tissues of mice. Papain also reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte size. Moreover, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were markedly reduced in papain-treated mice. In addition, papain inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes and oil accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and rat primary preadipocytes. Mechanistically, papain significantly downregulated the protein levels of key adipogenesis regulators and reversed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in HFD-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Papain also markedly enhanced activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in both models. Collectively, these results suggest that papain exerts anti-obesity effects in HFD-induced mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating levels of adipogenic factors involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation; thus, it could be useful in the prevention and treatment of obesity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8468764 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84687642021-09-27 Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation Kang, Yun-Mi Kang, Hyun-Ae Cominguez, Divina C. Kim, Su-Hyun An, Hyo-Jin Int J Mol Sci Article Papain is a proteolytic enzyme present in the leaves, fruits, roots, and latex of the Carica papaya (papaya) plant. Although it exhibits a wide range of activities, there are no reports on the anti-obesity effects of papain. This study examined the anti-obesity effect and obesity-involved anti-inflammatory mechanism of papain in in vivo and in vitro models using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of papain reduced HFD-induced weight of the body, liver, and adipose tissues of mice. Papain also reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and adipocyte size. Moreover, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were markedly reduced in papain-treated mice. In addition, papain inhibited the differentiation of preadipocytes and oil accumulation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and rat primary preadipocytes. Mechanistically, papain significantly downregulated the protein levels of key adipogenesis regulators and reversed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in HFD-induced obese mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Papain also markedly enhanced activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway in both models. Collectively, these results suggest that papain exerts anti-obesity effects in HFD-induced mice and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by regulating levels of adipogenic factors involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation; thus, it could be useful in the prevention and treatment of obesity. MDPI 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8468764/ /pubmed/34576066 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189885 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kang, Yun-Mi Kang, Hyun-Ae Cominguez, Divina C. Kim, Su-Hyun An, Hyo-Jin Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation |
title | Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation |
title_full | Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation |
title_fullStr | Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation |
title_full_unstemmed | Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation |
title_short | Papain Ameliorates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Mice and 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via AMPK Activation |
title_sort | papain ameliorates lipid accumulation and inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity mice and 3t3-l1 adipocytes via ampk activation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8468764/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576066 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189885 |
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