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Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts
Ozone therapy has been used to treat disc herniation for more than four decades. There are several papers describing results and mechanism of action. However, it is very important to define the characteristics of extruded disc herniation. Although ozone therapy showed excellent results in the majori...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469341/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576108 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189946 |
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author | Erario, María de los Ángeles Croce, Eduardo Moviglia Brandolino, Maria Teresita Moviglia, Gustavo Grangeat, Aníbal M. |
author_facet | Erario, María de los Ángeles Croce, Eduardo Moviglia Brandolino, Maria Teresita Moviglia, Gustavo Grangeat, Aníbal M. |
author_sort | Erario, María de los Ángeles |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ozone therapy has been used to treat disc herniation for more than four decades. There are several papers describing results and mechanism of action. However, it is very important to define the characteristics of extruded disc herniation. Although ozone therapy showed excellent results in the majority of spinal diseases, it is not yet fully accepted within the medical community. Perhaps it is partly due to the fact that, sometimes, indications are not appropriately made. The objective of our work is to explain the mechanisms of action of ozone therapy on the extruded disc herniation. Indeed, these mechanisms are quite different from those exerted by ozone on the protruded disc herniation and on the degenerative disc disease because the inflammatory response is very different between the various cases. Extruded disc herniation occurs when the nucleus squeezes through a weakness or tear in the annulus. Host immune system considers the nucleus material to be a foreign invader, which triggers an immune response and inflammation. We think ozone therapy modulates this immune response, activating macrophages, which produce phagocytosis of extruded nucleus pulposus. Ozone would also facilitate the passage from the M1 to M2 phase of macrophages, going from an inflammatory phase to a reparative phase. Further studies are needed to verify the switch of macrophages. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8469341 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84693412021-09-27 Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts Erario, María de los Ángeles Croce, Eduardo Moviglia Brandolino, Maria Teresita Moviglia, Gustavo Grangeat, Aníbal M. Int J Mol Sci Review Ozone therapy has been used to treat disc herniation for more than four decades. There are several papers describing results and mechanism of action. However, it is very important to define the characteristics of extruded disc herniation. Although ozone therapy showed excellent results in the majority of spinal diseases, it is not yet fully accepted within the medical community. Perhaps it is partly due to the fact that, sometimes, indications are not appropriately made. The objective of our work is to explain the mechanisms of action of ozone therapy on the extruded disc herniation. Indeed, these mechanisms are quite different from those exerted by ozone on the protruded disc herniation and on the degenerative disc disease because the inflammatory response is very different between the various cases. Extruded disc herniation occurs when the nucleus squeezes through a weakness or tear in the annulus. Host immune system considers the nucleus material to be a foreign invader, which triggers an immune response and inflammation. We think ozone therapy modulates this immune response, activating macrophages, which produce phagocytosis of extruded nucleus pulposus. Ozone would also facilitate the passage from the M1 to M2 phase of macrophages, going from an inflammatory phase to a reparative phase. Further studies are needed to verify the switch of macrophages. MDPI 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8469341/ /pubmed/34576108 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189946 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Erario, María de los Ángeles Croce, Eduardo Moviglia Brandolino, Maria Teresita Moviglia, Gustavo Grangeat, Aníbal M. Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts |
title | Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts |
title_full | Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts |
title_fullStr | Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts |
title_full_unstemmed | Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts |
title_short | Ozone as Modulator of Resorption and Inflammatory Response in Extruded Nucleus Pulposus Herniation. Revising Concepts |
title_sort | ozone as modulator of resorption and inflammatory response in extruded nucleus pulposus herniation. revising concepts |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469341/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576108 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189946 |
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