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Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events
Objective: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) report more issues in social interaction compared to the general population. Moreover, dimensions of dissociation are considered dysfunctional strategies to cope with adverse life events. In this regard, current symptoms of MDD could be ass...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091169 |
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author | Golshani, Sanobar Najafpour, Ali Hashemian, Seyed Sepehr Goudarzi, Nasser Firoozabadi, Ali Ghezelbash, Mohammad Saeed Hookari, Sara Firoozabadi, Kimia Dürsteler, Kenneth M. Brühl, Annette Beatrix Alikhani, Mostafa Sadeghi-Bahmani, Dena Brand, Serge |
author_facet | Golshani, Sanobar Najafpour, Ali Hashemian, Seyed Sepehr Goudarzi, Nasser Firoozabadi, Ali Ghezelbash, Mohammad Saeed Hookari, Sara Firoozabadi, Kimia Dürsteler, Kenneth M. Brühl, Annette Beatrix Alikhani, Mostafa Sadeghi-Bahmani, Dena Brand, Serge |
author_sort | Golshani, Sanobar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) report more issues in social interaction compared to the general population. Moreover, dimensions of dissociation are considered dysfunctional strategies to cope with adverse life events. In this regard, current symptoms of MDD could be associated with traumatic events that occurred in childhood and in adult life. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to explore the associations between attachment styles as a proxy of quality of social interaction, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events among individuals with MDD. Method: A total of 300 individuals with MDD (mean age: 31.31 years; 58.7% female) took part in this study. They completed a series of questionnaires on sociodemographic information, attachment styles, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events. Results: Prevalence rates for attachment styles were as follows: anxious/ambivalent attachment style—71.7%; avoidant/dependent attachment style—13%; secure/close attachment style—15.3%. Compared to the general population, the participants reported higher prevalence rates of insecure attachment styles. Current symptoms of dissociation were associated with adult but not childhood traumatic life events. An anxious attachment style was associated with higher scores of dissociation. Conclusion: Psychotherapeutic treatment of individuals with MDD should consider the individuals’ challenging attachment styles and their risk of dissociation. While it is important to consider both adult and childhood traumatic events, in this research, more recent trauma occurring in adulthood was associated with current symptoms of dissociation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8469763 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84697632021-09-27 Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events Golshani, Sanobar Najafpour, Ali Hashemian, Seyed Sepehr Goudarzi, Nasser Firoozabadi, Ali Ghezelbash, Mohammad Saeed Hookari, Sara Firoozabadi, Kimia Dürsteler, Kenneth M. Brühl, Annette Beatrix Alikhani, Mostafa Sadeghi-Bahmani, Dena Brand, Serge Healthcare (Basel) Article Objective: Individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) report more issues in social interaction compared to the general population. Moreover, dimensions of dissociation are considered dysfunctional strategies to cope with adverse life events. In this regard, current symptoms of MDD could be associated with traumatic events that occurred in childhood and in adult life. Given this background, the aim of the present study was to explore the associations between attachment styles as a proxy of quality of social interaction, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events among individuals with MDD. Method: A total of 300 individuals with MDD (mean age: 31.31 years; 58.7% female) took part in this study. They completed a series of questionnaires on sociodemographic information, attachment styles, dimensions of dissociation, and childhood and adult traumatic life events. Results: Prevalence rates for attachment styles were as follows: anxious/ambivalent attachment style—71.7%; avoidant/dependent attachment style—13%; secure/close attachment style—15.3%. Compared to the general population, the participants reported higher prevalence rates of insecure attachment styles. Current symptoms of dissociation were associated with adult but not childhood traumatic life events. An anxious attachment style was associated with higher scores of dissociation. Conclusion: Psychotherapeutic treatment of individuals with MDD should consider the individuals’ challenging attachment styles and their risk of dissociation. While it is important to consider both adult and childhood traumatic events, in this research, more recent trauma occurring in adulthood was associated with current symptoms of dissociation. MDPI 2021-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8469763/ /pubmed/34574943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091169 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Golshani, Sanobar Najafpour, Ali Hashemian, Seyed Sepehr Goudarzi, Nasser Firoozabadi, Ali Ghezelbash, Mohammad Saeed Hookari, Sara Firoozabadi, Kimia Dürsteler, Kenneth M. Brühl, Annette Beatrix Alikhani, Mostafa Sadeghi-Bahmani, Dena Brand, Serge Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events |
title | Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events |
title_full | Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events |
title_fullStr | Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events |
title_full_unstemmed | Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events |
title_short | Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder Report High Scores of Insecure-Avoidant and Insecure-Anxious Attachment Styles, Dissociative Identity Symptoms, and Adult Traumatic Events |
title_sort | individuals with major depressive disorder report high scores of insecure-avoidant and insecure-anxious attachment styles, dissociative identity symptoms, and adult traumatic events |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091169 |
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