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Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Effect of high sulfur diet on digestion and morphology of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that, though sulfur level had little effect on rumen fermentation and most of the rumen microbials, sulfate-reducing bacteria (...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573510 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092545 |
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author | Wu, Hao Li, Yan Meng, Qingxiang Zhou, Zhenming |
author_facet | Wu, Hao Li, Yan Meng, Qingxiang Zhou, Zhenming |
author_sort | Wu, Hao |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Effect of high sulfur diet on digestion and morphology of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that, though sulfur level had little effect on rumen fermentation and most of the rumen microbials, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) pop-ulation and sulfur metabolism had been changed, which led to inhibit methane emission. How-ever, high sulfur in the diet could increase risk of inflammation of rumen epithelium. ABSTRACT: These experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of excessive sulfur on rumen fermentation, microflora, and epithelial barrier function in steers through in vitro gas production and animal feeding experiments. Nine and four levels of sulfur addition were evaluated in in vitro ruminal fermentation and animal feeding experiment, respectively. The results showed that increasing the level of sulfur in substrates decreased the total gas and methane production linearly, while increasing the production of hydrogen sulfide gas (p < 0.01). Volatile fatty acid concentrations, especially that of butyric acid, were increased by extra sulfur (p < 0.01). Sulfur content in the diet had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on most of the rumen microbes, except for Desulfovibrio, one of the major sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the rumen, whose population increased by adding extra sulfur (p < 0.001). The changes in the morphology of rumen epithelium and thickening of the total epithelial layer were mainly attributed to the increase in the acanthosis cell layer and stratum basale (p < 0.05). Further, the relative expressions of two tight junction protein regulating genes, CLDN-1 and TJP1, were reduced (p < 0.05). Excessive sulfur in the diet can change the type of rumen fermentation, sulfate metabolism and SRB population, and the rumen epithelial barrier function. The results of this study demonstrated that sulfur can be used as a methane inhibitor with the mechanism that SRB competitively used protons to produce hydrogen sulfide. However, a higher level of sulfur in the diet could increase the inflammatory reaction of the rumen epithelium which may affect nutrient absorption. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8469910 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84699102021-09-27 Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers Wu, Hao Li, Yan Meng, Qingxiang Zhou, Zhenming Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Effect of high sulfur diet on digestion and morphology of the ruminant gastrointestinal tract was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that, though sulfur level had little effect on rumen fermentation and most of the rumen microbials, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) pop-ulation and sulfur metabolism had been changed, which led to inhibit methane emission. How-ever, high sulfur in the diet could increase risk of inflammation of rumen epithelium. ABSTRACT: These experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of excessive sulfur on rumen fermentation, microflora, and epithelial barrier function in steers through in vitro gas production and animal feeding experiments. Nine and four levels of sulfur addition were evaluated in in vitro ruminal fermentation and animal feeding experiment, respectively. The results showed that increasing the level of sulfur in substrates decreased the total gas and methane production linearly, while increasing the production of hydrogen sulfide gas (p < 0.01). Volatile fatty acid concentrations, especially that of butyric acid, were increased by extra sulfur (p < 0.01). Sulfur content in the diet had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on most of the rumen microbes, except for Desulfovibrio, one of the major sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the rumen, whose population increased by adding extra sulfur (p < 0.001). The changes in the morphology of rumen epithelium and thickening of the total epithelial layer were mainly attributed to the increase in the acanthosis cell layer and stratum basale (p < 0.05). Further, the relative expressions of two tight junction protein regulating genes, CLDN-1 and TJP1, were reduced (p < 0.05). Excessive sulfur in the diet can change the type of rumen fermentation, sulfate metabolism and SRB population, and the rumen epithelial barrier function. The results of this study demonstrated that sulfur can be used as a methane inhibitor with the mechanism that SRB competitively used protons to produce hydrogen sulfide. However, a higher level of sulfur in the diet could increase the inflammatory reaction of the rumen epithelium which may affect nutrient absorption. MDPI 2021-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8469910/ /pubmed/34573510 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092545 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wu, Hao Li, Yan Meng, Qingxiang Zhou, Zhenming Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers |
title | Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers |
title_full | Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers |
title_fullStr | Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers |
title_short | Effect of High Sulfur Diet on Rumen Fermentation, Microflora, and Epithelial Barrier Function in Steers |
title_sort | effect of high sulfur diet on rumen fermentation, microflora, and epithelial barrier function in steers |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34573510 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092545 |
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