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Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach
The mechanical properties of selective laser melting (SLM) components are fundamentally dependent on their microstructure. Accordingly, the present study proposes an integrated simulation framework consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model and a cellular automaton model for predict...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576428 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185202 |
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author | Ansari Dezfoli, Amir Reza Lo, Yu-Lung Raza, M. Mohsin |
author_facet | Ansari Dezfoli, Amir Reza Lo, Yu-Lung Raza, M. Mohsin |
author_sort | Ansari Dezfoli, Amir Reza |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mechanical properties of selective laser melting (SLM) components are fundamentally dependent on their microstructure. Accordingly, the present study proposes an integrated simulation framework consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model and a cellular automaton model for predicting the epitaxial grain growth mode in the single-track SLM processing of IN718. The laser beam scattering effect, melt surface evolution, powder volume shrinkage, bulk heterogeneous nucleation, epitaxial growth, and initial microstructure of the substrate are considered. The simulation results show that during single-track SLM processing, coarse epitaxial grains are formed at the melt–substrate interface, while fine grains grow at the melt–powder interface with a density determined by the intensity of the heat input. During the solidification stage, the epitaxial grains and bulk nucleated grains grow toward the top surface of the melt pool along the temperature gradient vectors. The rate of the epitaxial grain growth varies as a function of the orientation and size of the partially melted grains at the melt–substrate boundary, the melt pool size, and the temperature gradient. This is observed that by increasing heat input from 250 J/m to 500 J/m, the average grain size increases by ~20%. In addition, the average grain size reduces by 17% when the initial substrate grain size decreases by 50%. In general, the results show that the microstructure of the processed IN718 alloy can be controlled by adjusting the heat input, preheating conditions, and initial substrate grain size. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8469922 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84699222021-09-27 Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach Ansari Dezfoli, Amir Reza Lo, Yu-Lung Raza, M. Mohsin Materials (Basel) Article The mechanical properties of selective laser melting (SLM) components are fundamentally dependent on their microstructure. Accordingly, the present study proposes an integrated simulation framework consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model and a cellular automaton model for predicting the epitaxial grain growth mode in the single-track SLM processing of IN718. The laser beam scattering effect, melt surface evolution, powder volume shrinkage, bulk heterogeneous nucleation, epitaxial growth, and initial microstructure of the substrate are considered. The simulation results show that during single-track SLM processing, coarse epitaxial grains are formed at the melt–substrate interface, while fine grains grow at the melt–powder interface with a density determined by the intensity of the heat input. During the solidification stage, the epitaxial grains and bulk nucleated grains grow toward the top surface of the melt pool along the temperature gradient vectors. The rate of the epitaxial grain growth varies as a function of the orientation and size of the partially melted grains at the melt–substrate boundary, the melt pool size, and the temperature gradient. This is observed that by increasing heat input from 250 J/m to 500 J/m, the average grain size increases by ~20%. In addition, the average grain size reduces by 17% when the initial substrate grain size decreases by 50%. In general, the results show that the microstructure of the processed IN718 alloy can be controlled by adjusting the heat input, preheating conditions, and initial substrate grain size. MDPI 2021-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8469922/ /pubmed/34576428 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185202 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ansari Dezfoli, Amir Reza Lo, Yu-Lung Raza, M. Mohsin Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach |
title | Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach |
title_full | Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach |
title_fullStr | Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach |
title_full_unstemmed | Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach |
title_short | Prediction of Epitaxial Grain Growth in Single-Track Laser Melting of IN718 Using Integrated Finite Element and Cellular Automaton Approach |
title_sort | prediction of epitaxial grain growth in single-track laser melting of in718 using integrated finite element and cellular automaton approach |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8469922/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576428 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14185202 |
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