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Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading killer from a single infectious agent globally. In 2019, Malaysia’s TB incidence rate was 92 per 100,000 population, and the TB mortality rate was estimated at 4 cases per 100,000 population per year. However, the state of Sabah had a higher burden of TB with a notific...

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Autores principales: Avoi, Richard, Liaw, Yau Chun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8470141/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189740
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author Avoi, Richard
Liaw, Yau Chun
author_facet Avoi, Richard
Liaw, Yau Chun
author_sort Avoi, Richard
collection PubMed
description Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading killer from a single infectious agent globally. In 2019, Malaysia’s TB incidence rate was 92 per 100,000 population, and the TB mortality rate was estimated at 4 cases per 100,000 population per year. However, the state of Sabah had a higher burden of TB with a notification rate of 128 per 100,000 population and a TB case fatality rate of 8% compared to the national figure. This study aims to provide a comprehensive report on TB deaths epidemiology and its associated factors at a sub-national level. This nested case-control study used Sabah State Health Department TB surveillance data from the Malaysia national case-based TB registry (MyTB) between 2014 and 2018. Cases were defined as all-cause TB deaths that occurred before anti-TB treatment completion from the time of TB diagnosis. Controls were randomly selected from TB patients who completed anti-TB treatment. The TB mortality rate had increased significantly from 9.0/100,000 population in 2014 to 11.4/100,000 population in 2018. The majority of TB deaths occurred in the first two months of treatment. TB-related deaths were primarily due to advanced disease or disseminated TB, whereas non-TB-related deaths were primarily due to existing comorbidities. Many important independent risk factors for TB deaths were identified which are useful to address the increasing TB mortality rate.
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spelling pubmed-84701412021-09-27 Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia Avoi, Richard Liaw, Yau Chun Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading killer from a single infectious agent globally. In 2019, Malaysia’s TB incidence rate was 92 per 100,000 population, and the TB mortality rate was estimated at 4 cases per 100,000 population per year. However, the state of Sabah had a higher burden of TB with a notification rate of 128 per 100,000 population and a TB case fatality rate of 8% compared to the national figure. This study aims to provide a comprehensive report on TB deaths epidemiology and its associated factors at a sub-national level. This nested case-control study used Sabah State Health Department TB surveillance data from the Malaysia national case-based TB registry (MyTB) between 2014 and 2018. Cases were defined as all-cause TB deaths that occurred before anti-TB treatment completion from the time of TB diagnosis. Controls were randomly selected from TB patients who completed anti-TB treatment. The TB mortality rate had increased significantly from 9.0/100,000 population in 2014 to 11.4/100,000 population in 2018. The majority of TB deaths occurred in the first two months of treatment. TB-related deaths were primarily due to advanced disease or disseminated TB, whereas non-TB-related deaths were primarily due to existing comorbidities. Many important independent risk factors for TB deaths were identified which are useful to address the increasing TB mortality rate. MDPI 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8470141/ /pubmed/34574665 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189740 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Avoi, Richard
Liaw, Yau Chun
Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia
title Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia
title_full Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia
title_fullStr Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia
title_short Tuberculosis Death Epidemiology and Its Associated Risk Factors in Sabah, Malaysia
title_sort tuberculosis death epidemiology and its associated risk factors in sabah, malaysia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8470141/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189740
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