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Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology
Sewage sludge is a very complex system, with solids and water. It is generated as waste from wastewater treatment. Sewage sludge is used to fertilize agricultural and forest areas and to rehabilitate devastated areas. It is a good organic fertilizer because it contains significant amounts of nutrien...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8470151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090706 |
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author | Kowalik, Robert Widłak, Małgorzata Widłak, Agata |
author_facet | Kowalik, Robert Widłak, Małgorzata Widłak, Agata |
author_sort | Kowalik, Robert |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sewage sludge is a very complex system, with solids and water. It is generated as waste from wastewater treatment. Sewage sludge is used to fertilize agricultural and forest areas and to rehabilitate devastated areas. It is a good organic fertilizer because it contains significant amounts of nutrients beneficial for plant development and humus-forming substances. The composition of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is similar to soil organic matter, therefore it can be used to improve the physicochemical properties of soil, increasing its sorption capacity. Research material was collected in the Swietokrzyskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships. Sewage sludge was collected from the wastewater treatment plants in Sitkowka Nowiny (Sitkowka) and Kunow, as well as high-quality agricultural soil from Opatowiec and sandy-clay soil from Jastrzebie. Research was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) by mixtures of sewage sludge with soil. The calculations were made for the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge, soil, and sewage sludge–soil mixtures. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the risk assessment code (RAC) were calculated. Increased sorption capacity was demonstrated in samples with a predominance of sewage sludge. It was shown that heavy metals from sewage sludge, after mixing with soil, changed their form from immobile to mobile. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8470151 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84701512021-09-27 Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology Kowalik, Robert Widłak, Małgorzata Widłak, Agata Membranes (Basel) Article Sewage sludge is a very complex system, with solids and water. It is generated as waste from wastewater treatment. Sewage sludge is used to fertilize agricultural and forest areas and to rehabilitate devastated areas. It is a good organic fertilizer because it contains significant amounts of nutrients beneficial for plant development and humus-forming substances. The composition of sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is similar to soil organic matter, therefore it can be used to improve the physicochemical properties of soil, increasing its sorption capacity. Research material was collected in the Swietokrzyskie and Mazowieckie Voivodships. Sewage sludge was collected from the wastewater treatment plants in Sitkowka Nowiny (Sitkowka) and Kunow, as well as high-quality agricultural soil from Opatowiec and sandy-clay soil from Jastrzebie. Research was carried out on the sorption of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn) by mixtures of sewage sludge with soil. The calculations were made for the concentrations of heavy metals in sewage sludge, soil, and sewage sludge–soil mixtures. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the risk assessment code (RAC) were calculated. Increased sorption capacity was demonstrated in samples with a predominance of sewage sludge. It was shown that heavy metals from sewage sludge, after mixing with soil, changed their form from immobile to mobile. MDPI 2021-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8470151/ /pubmed/34564523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090706 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kowalik, Robert Widłak, Małgorzata Widłak, Agata Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology |
title | Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology |
title_full | Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology |
title_fullStr | Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology |
title_full_unstemmed | Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology |
title_short | Sorption of Heavy Metals by Sewage Sludge and Its Mixtures with Soil from Wastewater Treatment Plants Operating in MBR and INR Technology |
title_sort | sorption of heavy metals by sewage sludge and its mixtures with soil from wastewater treatment plants operating in mbr and inr technology |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8470151/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11090706 |
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