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Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices

The waste solids remaining after the ethanolic extraction of arnica were proposed as raw material for the recovery of the remaining phenolic fraction. Greener processes based on intensification extraction, with microwave (MHG) and ultrasound (UAE) assistance and pressurized hot water extraction unde...

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Autores principales: Flórez-Fernández, Noelia, Ferreira-Anta, Tania, Torres, María Dolores, Domínguez, Herminia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8470392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578022
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183121
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author Flórez-Fernández, Noelia
Ferreira-Anta, Tania
Torres, María Dolores
Domínguez, Herminia
author_facet Flórez-Fernández, Noelia
Ferreira-Anta, Tania
Torres, María Dolores
Domínguez, Herminia
author_sort Flórez-Fernández, Noelia
collection PubMed
description The waste solids remaining after the ethanolic extraction of arnica were proposed as raw material for the recovery of the remaining phenolic fraction. Greener processes based on intensification extraction, with microwave (MHG) and ultrasound (UAE) assistance and pressurized hot water extraction under subcritical conditions (AH), were studied. The entire process provided approximately 28% of phenolics for the sequence when MHG was used, 22% in the sequence where AH was employed, and the extracts showed up to 60% the ABTS radical scavenging capacity of Trolox. However, the cytotoxic effects on the cell growth of tumoral cells were only moderate. Therefore, considering a possible external topical application, extracts containing selected arnica extracts were further used to develop polymer-based gelled matrices formulated with either chitosan or polyvinyl alcohol. Rheological testing indicated that all proposed matrices exhibited relatively high mechanical features, even better than those determined with matrices prepared with their counterpart commercial arnica tinctures. Overall, the shear-thinning behavior of gelled matrices loaded with arnica extracts obtained by MHG or AH stages was enhanced compared to those containing ethanolic extracts, whereas the viscoelastic features became smoother for polymeric matrices incorporated with arnica extracts recovered at the highest MHG irradiation powers or at the highest set point temperatures of AH treatments.
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spelling pubmed-84703922021-09-27 Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices Flórez-Fernández, Noelia Ferreira-Anta, Tania Torres, María Dolores Domínguez, Herminia Polymers (Basel) Article The waste solids remaining after the ethanolic extraction of arnica were proposed as raw material for the recovery of the remaining phenolic fraction. Greener processes based on intensification extraction, with microwave (MHG) and ultrasound (UAE) assistance and pressurized hot water extraction under subcritical conditions (AH), were studied. The entire process provided approximately 28% of phenolics for the sequence when MHG was used, 22% in the sequence where AH was employed, and the extracts showed up to 60% the ABTS radical scavenging capacity of Trolox. However, the cytotoxic effects on the cell growth of tumoral cells were only moderate. Therefore, considering a possible external topical application, extracts containing selected arnica extracts were further used to develop polymer-based gelled matrices formulated with either chitosan or polyvinyl alcohol. Rheological testing indicated that all proposed matrices exhibited relatively high mechanical features, even better than those determined with matrices prepared with their counterpart commercial arnica tinctures. Overall, the shear-thinning behavior of gelled matrices loaded with arnica extracts obtained by MHG or AH stages was enhanced compared to those containing ethanolic extracts, whereas the viscoelastic features became smoother for polymeric matrices incorporated with arnica extracts recovered at the highest MHG irradiation powers or at the highest set point temperatures of AH treatments. MDPI 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8470392/ /pubmed/34578022 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183121 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Flórez-Fernández, Noelia
Ferreira-Anta, Tania
Torres, María Dolores
Domínguez, Herminia
Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices
title Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices
title_full Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices
title_fullStr Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices
title_full_unstemmed Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices
title_short Valorization of Arnica montana Wastes after Extraction of the Ethanol Tincture: Application in Polymer-Based Matrices
title_sort valorization of arnica montana wastes after extraction of the ethanol tincture: application in polymer-based matrices
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8470392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578022
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13183121
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