Life Table and Preference Choice of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) for Kidney Bean Plants Treated by Exogenous Calcium

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, is an invasive key pest that damages vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. The activation of induced resistance by chemicals may provide a simple and feasible way of achieving improvement of resistance to stress in crop plants, which is an important technology for the development of sustainable agriculture. Calcium (Ca) is an essential element for plants; numerous studies have shown that Ca can confer crop plants with resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. For the first time, we report the negative effects of exogenous Ca on kidney bean plants in relation to the performance of F. occidentalis, including a reduced preference of thrips. Therefore, Ca could potentially be used to control F. occidentalis. ABSTRACT: Exogenous calcium (Ca) has been used to induce host plant resistance in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, including from thrips attack. The aim of this study was to determine whether exogenously applied Ca affects the performance of Frankliniella occidentalis. We assessed the development time, total longevity, reproduction, and population parameters of F. occidentalis, and its preference choice on Ca-treated or untreated control kidney bean plants under laboratory conditions. The results showed that F. occidentalis fed on Ca-treated leaves had a longer developmental time but lower longevity (female and male) and fecundity than F. occidentalis fed on control leaves. Population parameters, including the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R(0)), were all found higher in control leaves than in Ca-treated leaves, and the mean generation time (T) was shorter. In preference choices, the number of thrips on control plants was higher than the number of thrips on Ca-treated kidney bean plants. Overall, our results indicated that exogenous Ca pretreatment on kidney bean plants affected the life history and preference choice of F. occidentalis, suggesting Ca might be used as a promising elicitor of inducible plant defense against thrips.