Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Nutritional Status in Dalmatian Kidney Transplant Recipients—Are They Related?

The aim of this study was to evaluate adherence to Mediterranean diet (MeDi) and possible correlation of MeDi adherence and nutritional status parameters in Dalmatian kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). One hundred and sixteen KTRs were included in this study. Data about Mediterranean Diet Serving Score (MDSS), body mass composition, anthropometric parameters, clinical and laboratory parameters were collected for each study participant. The results showed 25% adherence to the MeDi in Dalmatian KTRs. MDSS showed association with higher serum albumin and phosphorus level and higher skeletal muscle mass. Also, significant association between diabetic status and MDSS was found. Adherence to olive oil intake suggested by the MeDi showed significant association with lower level of triglycerides and adherence to nuts suggestions was associated with lower level of fat mass. Following MeDi recommendations for consumption of other foods (cereals, potato, eggs, vegetables, fruits and dairy) were also associated with body mass composition parameters and laboratory findings. In conclusion, low adherence to the MeDi in Dalmatian KTRs raises high concerns. The results showed that MeDi can have favorable effects on nutritional status in KTRs. A structured nutritional approach is needed to enhance adherence to the MeDi and prevent possible adverse effects in this patient population.