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Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review

The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, deg...

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Autores principales: Primožič, Jasmina, Poljšak, Borut, Jamnik, Polona, Kovač, Vito, Čanadi Jurešić, Gordana, Spalj, Stjepan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34572993
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091359
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author Primožič, Jasmina
Poljšak, Borut
Jamnik, Polona
Kovač, Vito
Čanadi Jurešić, Gordana
Spalj, Stjepan
author_facet Primožič, Jasmina
Poljšak, Borut
Jamnik, Polona
Kovač, Vito
Čanadi Jurešić, Gordana
Spalj, Stjepan
author_sort Primožič, Jasmina
collection PubMed
description The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, degradation of orthodontic brackets and archwires occurs, causing higher concentrations of metal ions in the oral cavity. Corroded appliances cause the release of metal ions, which may lead to the increased values of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metal-catalyzed free radical reactions. Chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and molybdenum all belong to the group of transition metals that can be subjected to redox reactions to form ROS. The estimation of health risk due to the amount of heavy metals released and the level of selected parameters of oxidative stress generated for the time of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances is presented. Approaches to avoid oxidative stress and recommendations for the preventive use of topical or systemic antioxidants during orthodontic treatment are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-84713282021-09-27 Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review Primožič, Jasmina Poljšak, Borut Jamnik, Polona Kovač, Vito Čanadi Jurešić, Gordana Spalj, Stjepan Antioxidants (Basel) Review The treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances could have an important role in the induction of oxidative stress and associated negative consequences. Because of the simultaneous effects of corrosion, deformation, friction, and mechanical stress on fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment, degradation of orthodontic brackets and archwires occurs, causing higher concentrations of metal ions in the oral cavity. Corroded appliances cause the release of metal ions, which may lead to the increased values of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to metal-catalyzed free radical reactions. Chromium, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and molybdenum all belong to the group of transition metals that can be subjected to redox reactions to form ROS. The estimation of health risk due to the amount of heavy metals released and the level of selected parameters of oxidative stress generated for the time of treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances is presented. Approaches to avoid oxidative stress and recommendations for the preventive use of topical or systemic antioxidants during orthodontic treatment are discussed. MDPI 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8471328/ /pubmed/34572993 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091359 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Primožič, Jasmina
Poljšak, Borut
Jamnik, Polona
Kovač, Vito
Čanadi Jurešić, Gordana
Spalj, Stjepan
Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review
title Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review
title_full Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review
title_short Risk Assessment of Oxidative Stress Induced by Metal Ions Released from Fixed Orthodontic Appliances during Treatment and Indications for Supportive Antioxidant Therapy: A Narrative Review
title_sort risk assessment of oxidative stress induced by metal ions released from fixed orthodontic appliances during treatment and indications for supportive antioxidant therapy: a narrative review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471328/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34572993
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091359
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