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SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, albeit virus-ACE2 interaction goes far beyond viral entry into target cells. Controversial data exists linking viral infection to changes in ACE2 expression and function, which might influence t...

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Autores principales: Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Lucía, Riveira-Muñoz, Eva, Barrios, Clara, Palau, Vanesa, Nevot, Maria, Pedreño-López, Sònia, Senserrich, Jordi, Massanella, Marta, Clotet, Bonaventura, Cabrera, Cecilia, Mitjà, Oriol, Crespo, Marta, Pascual, Julio, Riera, Marta, Ballana, Ester
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471465/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091715
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author Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Lucía
Riveira-Muñoz, Eva
Barrios, Clara
Palau, Vanesa
Nevot, Maria
Pedreño-López, Sònia
Senserrich, Jordi
Massanella, Marta
Clotet, Bonaventura
Cabrera, Cecilia
Mitjà, Oriol
Crespo, Marta
Pascual, Julio
Riera, Marta
Ballana, Ester
author_facet Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Lucía
Riveira-Muñoz, Eva
Barrios, Clara
Palau, Vanesa
Nevot, Maria
Pedreño-López, Sònia
Senserrich, Jordi
Massanella, Marta
Clotet, Bonaventura
Cabrera, Cecilia
Mitjà, Oriol
Crespo, Marta
Pascual, Julio
Riera, Marta
Ballana, Ester
author_sort Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Lucía
collection PubMed
description Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, albeit virus-ACE2 interaction goes far beyond viral entry into target cells. Controversial data exists linking viral infection to changes in ACE2 expression and function, which might influence the subsequent induction of an inflammatory response. Here, we tested the significance of soluble ACE2 enzymatic activity longitudinally in nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, along with the induction of inflammatory cytokines. Release of soluble functional ACE2 increases upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in swabs and plasma of infected patients, albeit rapidly decreasing during infection course in parallel with ACE2 gene expression. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 infection also induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. These changes positively correlated with the viral load. Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates ACE2 expression and function, intracellular viral sensing and subsequent inflammatory response, offering new insights into ACE2 dynamics in the human upper respiratory tract and pointing towards soluble ACE2 levels as a putative early biomarker of infection severity.
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spelling pubmed-84714652021-09-28 SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Lucía Riveira-Muñoz, Eva Barrios, Clara Palau, Vanesa Nevot, Maria Pedreño-López, Sònia Senserrich, Jordi Massanella, Marta Clotet, Bonaventura Cabrera, Cecilia Mitjà, Oriol Crespo, Marta Pascual, Julio Riera, Marta Ballana, Ester Viruses Article Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a host ectopeptidase and the receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, albeit virus-ACE2 interaction goes far beyond viral entry into target cells. Controversial data exists linking viral infection to changes in ACE2 expression and function, which might influence the subsequent induction of an inflammatory response. Here, we tested the significance of soluble ACE2 enzymatic activity longitudinally in nasopharyngeal swabs and plasma samples of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, along with the induction of inflammatory cytokines. Release of soluble functional ACE2 increases upon SARS-CoV-2 infection in swabs and plasma of infected patients, albeit rapidly decreasing during infection course in parallel with ACE2 gene expression. Similarly, SARS-CoV-2 infection also induced the expression of inflammatory cytokines. These changes positively correlated with the viral load. Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 modulates ACE2 expression and function, intracellular viral sensing and subsequent inflammatory response, offering new insights into ACE2 dynamics in the human upper respiratory tract and pointing towards soluble ACE2 levels as a putative early biomarker of infection severity. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8471465/ /pubmed/34578296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091715 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gutiérrez-Chamorro, Lucía
Riveira-Muñoz, Eva
Barrios, Clara
Palau, Vanesa
Nevot, Maria
Pedreño-López, Sònia
Senserrich, Jordi
Massanella, Marta
Clotet, Bonaventura
Cabrera, Cecilia
Mitjà, Oriol
Crespo, Marta
Pascual, Julio
Riera, Marta
Ballana, Ester
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients
title SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients
title_full SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients
title_short SARS-CoV-2 Infection Modulates ACE2 Function and Subsequent Inflammatory Responses in Swabs and Plasma of COVID-19 Patients
title_sort sars-cov-2 infection modulates ace2 function and subsequent inflammatory responses in swabs and plasma of covid-19 patients
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471465/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091715
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