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Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation

Containment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection is dependent on an efficient interferon gamma response. However, the earliest steps of immune response initiation immediately following exposure to the parasite have not been previously characterized in pigs. Murine and human myeloid cells produce lar...

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Autores principales: Hamid, Benjamin, Schlosser-Brandenburg, Josephine, Bechtold, Lalita, Ebner, Friederike, Rausch, Sebastian, Hartmann, Susanne
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471494/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576723
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091828
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author Hamid, Benjamin
Schlosser-Brandenburg, Josephine
Bechtold, Lalita
Ebner, Friederike
Rausch, Sebastian
Hartmann, Susanne
author_facet Hamid, Benjamin
Schlosser-Brandenburg, Josephine
Bechtold, Lalita
Ebner, Friederike
Rausch, Sebastian
Hartmann, Susanne
author_sort Hamid, Benjamin
collection PubMed
description Containment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection is dependent on an efficient interferon gamma response. However, the earliest steps of immune response initiation immediately following exposure to the parasite have not been previously characterized in pigs. Murine and human myeloid cells produce large quantities of interleukin (IL)-12 during early T. gondii infection. We therefore examined IL-12 expression by porcine peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cell (DC) subsets following toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation and controlled T. gondii tachyzoite infection. We detected IL-12p40 expression by porcine plasmacytoid DC, but not conventional or monocyte-derived DC following TLR ligation. Unexpectedly, we also observed considerable IL-12p40 production by porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells—a classical natural killer cell phenotype—following TLR ligation. However, in response to T. gondii exposure, no IL-12 production was observed by either DC or CD3– NKp46+ cells. Despite this, IL-18 production by DC-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected following live T. gondii tachyzoite exposure. Only combined stimulation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recombinant IL-12p70 and IL-18 induced innate interferon gamma production by natural killer cells, while T cells and myeloid cells did not respond. Therefore, porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells serve as important IL-12 producers following TLR ligation, while IL-18 likely plays a prominent role in early immune response initiation in the pig following T. gondii infection.
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spelling pubmed-84714942021-09-28 Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation Hamid, Benjamin Schlosser-Brandenburg, Josephine Bechtold, Lalita Ebner, Friederike Rausch, Sebastian Hartmann, Susanne Microorganisms Article Containment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection is dependent on an efficient interferon gamma response. However, the earliest steps of immune response initiation immediately following exposure to the parasite have not been previously characterized in pigs. Murine and human myeloid cells produce large quantities of interleukin (IL)-12 during early T. gondii infection. We therefore examined IL-12 expression by porcine peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cell (DC) subsets following toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation and controlled T. gondii tachyzoite infection. We detected IL-12p40 expression by porcine plasmacytoid DC, but not conventional or monocyte-derived DC following TLR ligation. Unexpectedly, we also observed considerable IL-12p40 production by porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells—a classical natural killer cell phenotype—following TLR ligation. However, in response to T. gondii exposure, no IL-12 production was observed by either DC or CD3– NKp46+ cells. Despite this, IL-18 production by DC-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected following live T. gondii tachyzoite exposure. Only combined stimulation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recombinant IL-12p70 and IL-18 induced innate interferon gamma production by natural killer cells, while T cells and myeloid cells did not respond. Therefore, porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells serve as important IL-12 producers following TLR ligation, while IL-18 likely plays a prominent role in early immune response initiation in the pig following T. gondii infection. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8471494/ /pubmed/34576723 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091828 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Hamid, Benjamin
Schlosser-Brandenburg, Josephine
Bechtold, Lalita
Ebner, Friederike
Rausch, Sebastian
Hartmann, Susanne
Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
title Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
title_full Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
title_fullStr Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
title_full_unstemmed Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
title_short Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
title_sort early immune initiation by porcine cells following toxoplasma gondii infection versus tlr ligation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471494/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576723
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091828
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