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Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, burdening about 10 million elderly individuals worldwide. The multifactorial nature of PD poses a difficult obstacle for understanding the mechanisms involved in its onset and progression. Currently,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471599/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189839 |
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author | Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce Schaan, Ana Paula Cavalcante, Giovanna C. Sena-dos-Santos, Camille de Souza, Tatiane Piedade Souza Port’s, Natacha M. dos Santos Pinheiro, Jhully Azevedo Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Vidal, Amanda F. |
author_facet | Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce Schaan, Ana Paula Cavalcante, Giovanna C. Sena-dos-Santos, Camille de Souza, Tatiane Piedade Souza Port’s, Natacha M. dos Santos Pinheiro, Jhully Azevedo Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Vidal, Amanda F. |
author_sort | Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, burdening about 10 million elderly individuals worldwide. The multifactorial nature of PD poses a difficult obstacle for understanding the mechanisms involved in its onset and progression. Currently, diagnosis depends on the appearance of clinical signs, some of which are shared among various neurologic disorders, hindering early diagnosis. There are no effective tools to prevent PD onset, detect the disease in early stages or accurately report the risk of disease progression. Hence, there is an increasing demand for biomarkers that may identify disease onset and progression, as treatment-based medicine may not be the best approach for PD. Over the last few decades, the search for molecular markers to predict susceptibility, aid in accurate diagnosis and evaluate the progress of PD have intensified, but strategies aimed to improve individualized patient care have not yet been established. Conclusions: Genomic variation, regulation by epigenomic mechanisms, as well as the influence of the host gut microbiome seem to have a crucial role in the onset and progress of PD, thus are considered potential biomarkers. As such, the human nuclear and mitochondrial genome, epigenome, and the host gut microbiome might be the key elements to the rise of personalized medicine for PD patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8471599 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84715992021-09-28 Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce Schaan, Ana Paula Cavalcante, Giovanna C. Sena-dos-Santos, Camille de Souza, Tatiane Piedade Souza Port’s, Natacha M. dos Santos Pinheiro, Jhully Azevedo Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Vidal, Amanda F. Int J Mol Sci Review Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is currently the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, burdening about 10 million elderly individuals worldwide. The multifactorial nature of PD poses a difficult obstacle for understanding the mechanisms involved in its onset and progression. Currently, diagnosis depends on the appearance of clinical signs, some of which are shared among various neurologic disorders, hindering early diagnosis. There are no effective tools to prevent PD onset, detect the disease in early stages or accurately report the risk of disease progression. Hence, there is an increasing demand for biomarkers that may identify disease onset and progression, as treatment-based medicine may not be the best approach for PD. Over the last few decades, the search for molecular markers to predict susceptibility, aid in accurate diagnosis and evaluate the progress of PD have intensified, but strategies aimed to improve individualized patient care have not yet been established. Conclusions: Genomic variation, regulation by epigenomic mechanisms, as well as the influence of the host gut microbiome seem to have a crucial role in the onset and progress of PD, thus are considered potential biomarkers. As such, the human nuclear and mitochondrial genome, epigenome, and the host gut microbiome might be the key elements to the rise of personalized medicine for PD patients. MDPI 2021-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8471599/ /pubmed/34576000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189839 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Fonseca Cabral, Gleyce Schaan, Ana Paula Cavalcante, Giovanna C. Sena-dos-Santos, Camille de Souza, Tatiane Piedade Souza Port’s, Natacha M. dos Santos Pinheiro, Jhully Azevedo Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Vidal, Amanda F. Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease |
title | Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full | Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease |
title_fullStr | Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease |
title_short | Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genome, Epigenome and Gut Microbiome: Emerging Molecular Biomarkers for Parkinson’s Disease |
title_sort | nuclear and mitochondrial genome, epigenome and gut microbiome: emerging molecular biomarkers for parkinson’s disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471599/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576000 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189839 |
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