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Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration

Influenza viruses have affected the world for over a century, causing multiple pandemics. Throughout the years, many prophylactic vaccines have been developed for influenza; however, these viruses are still a global issue and take many lives. In this paper, we review influenza viruses, associated im...

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Autores principales: Chan, Lily, Alizadeh, Kasra, Alizadeh, Kimia, Fazel, Fatemeh, Kakish, Julia E., Karimi, Negar, Knapp, Jason P., Mehrani, Yeganeh, Minott, Jessica A., Morovati, Solmaz, Rghei, Amira, Stegelmeier, Ashley A., Vanderkamp, Sierra, Karimi, Khalil, Bridle, Byram W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579216
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090979
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author Chan, Lily
Alizadeh, Kasra
Alizadeh, Kimia
Fazel, Fatemeh
Kakish, Julia E.
Karimi, Negar
Knapp, Jason P.
Mehrani, Yeganeh
Minott, Jessica A.
Morovati, Solmaz
Rghei, Amira
Stegelmeier, Ashley A.
Vanderkamp, Sierra
Karimi, Khalil
Bridle, Byram W.
author_facet Chan, Lily
Alizadeh, Kasra
Alizadeh, Kimia
Fazel, Fatemeh
Kakish, Julia E.
Karimi, Negar
Knapp, Jason P.
Mehrani, Yeganeh
Minott, Jessica A.
Morovati, Solmaz
Rghei, Amira
Stegelmeier, Ashley A.
Vanderkamp, Sierra
Karimi, Khalil
Bridle, Byram W.
author_sort Chan, Lily
collection PubMed
description Influenza viruses have affected the world for over a century, causing multiple pandemics. Throughout the years, many prophylactic vaccines have been developed for influenza; however, these viruses are still a global issue and take many lives. In this paper, we review influenza viruses, associated immunological mechanisms, current influenza vaccine platforms, and influenza infection, in the context of immunocompromised populations. This review focuses on the qualitative nature of immune responses against influenza viruses, with an emphasis on trained immunity and an assessment of the characteristics of the host–pathogen that compromise the effectiveness of immunization. We also highlight innovative immunological concepts that are important considerations for the development of the next generation of vaccines against influenza viruses.
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spelling pubmed-84717342021-09-28 Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration Chan, Lily Alizadeh, Kasra Alizadeh, Kimia Fazel, Fatemeh Kakish, Julia E. Karimi, Negar Knapp, Jason P. Mehrani, Yeganeh Minott, Jessica A. Morovati, Solmaz Rghei, Amira Stegelmeier, Ashley A. Vanderkamp, Sierra Karimi, Khalil Bridle, Byram W. Vaccines (Basel) Review Influenza viruses have affected the world for over a century, causing multiple pandemics. Throughout the years, many prophylactic vaccines have been developed for influenza; however, these viruses are still a global issue and take many lives. In this paper, we review influenza viruses, associated immunological mechanisms, current influenza vaccine platforms, and influenza infection, in the context of immunocompromised populations. This review focuses on the qualitative nature of immune responses against influenza viruses, with an emphasis on trained immunity and an assessment of the characteristics of the host–pathogen that compromise the effectiveness of immunization. We also highlight innovative immunological concepts that are important considerations for the development of the next generation of vaccines against influenza viruses. MDPI 2021-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8471734/ /pubmed/34579216 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090979 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Chan, Lily
Alizadeh, Kasra
Alizadeh, Kimia
Fazel, Fatemeh
Kakish, Julia E.
Karimi, Negar
Knapp, Jason P.
Mehrani, Yeganeh
Minott, Jessica A.
Morovati, Solmaz
Rghei, Amira
Stegelmeier, Ashley A.
Vanderkamp, Sierra
Karimi, Khalil
Bridle, Byram W.
Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration
title Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration
title_full Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration
title_fullStr Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration
title_full_unstemmed Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration
title_short Review of Influenza Virus Vaccines: The Qualitative Nature of Immune Responses to Infection and Vaccination Is a Critical Consideration
title_sort review of influenza virus vaccines: the qualitative nature of immune responses to infection and vaccination is a critical consideration
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579216
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090979
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