Cargando…

Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions

Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant having significant impacts on human health. Millions of people in developing countries such as Bangladesh, Mexico, Taiwan, and India are affected by arsenic contamination through groundwater. Environmental contamination of arsenic leads to leads to various typ...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Thakur, Manisha, Rachamalla, Mahesh, Niyogi, Som, Datusalia, Ashok Kumar, Flora, Swaran Jeet Singh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471829/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576240
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810077
_version_ 1784574568485093376
author Thakur, Manisha
Rachamalla, Mahesh
Niyogi, Som
Datusalia, Ashok Kumar
Flora, Swaran Jeet Singh
author_facet Thakur, Manisha
Rachamalla, Mahesh
Niyogi, Som
Datusalia, Ashok Kumar
Flora, Swaran Jeet Singh
author_sort Thakur, Manisha
collection PubMed
description Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant having significant impacts on human health. Millions of people in developing countries such as Bangladesh, Mexico, Taiwan, and India are affected by arsenic contamination through groundwater. Environmental contamination of arsenic leads to leads to various types of cancers, coronary and neurological ailments in human. There are several sources of arsenic exposure such as drinking water, diet, wood preservatives, smoking, air and cosmetics, while, drinking water is the most explored route. Inorganic arsenic exhibits higher levels of toxicity compared its organic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic is known to cause major neurological effects such as cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberration, damage to cellular DNA and genotoxicity. On the other hand, long-term exposure to arsenic may cause neurobehavioral effects in the juvenile stage, which may have detrimental effects in the later stages of life. Thus, it is important to understand the toxicology and underlying molecular mechanism of arsenic which will help to mitigate its detrimental effects. The present review focuses on the epidemiology, and the toxic mechanisms responsible for arsenic induced neurobehavioral diseases, including strategies for its management from water, community and household premises. The review also provides a critical analysis of epigenetic and transgenerational modifications, mitochondrial oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8471829
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-84718292021-09-28 Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions Thakur, Manisha Rachamalla, Mahesh Niyogi, Som Datusalia, Ashok Kumar Flora, Swaran Jeet Singh Int J Mol Sci Review Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant having significant impacts on human health. Millions of people in developing countries such as Bangladesh, Mexico, Taiwan, and India are affected by arsenic contamination through groundwater. Environmental contamination of arsenic leads to leads to various types of cancers, coronary and neurological ailments in human. There are several sources of arsenic exposure such as drinking water, diet, wood preservatives, smoking, air and cosmetics, while, drinking water is the most explored route. Inorganic arsenic exhibits higher levels of toxicity compared its organic forms. Exposure to inorganic arsenic is known to cause major neurological effects such as cytotoxicity, chromosomal aberration, damage to cellular DNA and genotoxicity. On the other hand, long-term exposure to arsenic may cause neurobehavioral effects in the juvenile stage, which may have detrimental effects in the later stages of life. Thus, it is important to understand the toxicology and underlying molecular mechanism of arsenic which will help to mitigate its detrimental effects. The present review focuses on the epidemiology, and the toxic mechanisms responsible for arsenic induced neurobehavioral diseases, including strategies for its management from water, community and household premises. The review also provides a critical analysis of epigenetic and transgenerational modifications, mitochondrial oxidative stress, molecular mechanisms of arsenic-induced oxidative stress, and neuronal dysfunction. MDPI 2021-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8471829/ /pubmed/34576240 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810077 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Thakur, Manisha
Rachamalla, Mahesh
Niyogi, Som
Datusalia, Ashok Kumar
Flora, Swaran Jeet Singh
Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions
title Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions
title_full Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions
title_fullStr Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions
title_short Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity including Neuronal Dysfunctions
title_sort molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced neurotoxicity including neuronal dysfunctions
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8471829/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576240
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810077
work_keys_str_mv AT thakurmanisha molecularmechanismofarsenicinducedneurotoxicityincludingneuronaldysfunctions
AT rachamallamahesh molecularmechanismofarsenicinducedneurotoxicityincludingneuronaldysfunctions
AT niyogisom molecularmechanismofarsenicinducedneurotoxicityincludingneuronaldysfunctions
AT datusaliaashokkumar molecularmechanismofarsenicinducedneurotoxicityincludingneuronaldysfunctions
AT floraswaranjeetsingh molecularmechanismofarsenicinducedneurotoxicityincludingneuronaldysfunctions