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Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review
Recent years have brought about new understandings regarding the pathogenesis of anemia in sports. From hemodilution and redistribution considered to contribute to the so-called “sports anemia” to iron deficiency caused by increased demands, dietary restrictions, decreased absorption, increased loss...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090987 |
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author | Damian, Marc-Tudor Vulturar, Romana Login, Cristian Cezar Damian, Laura Chis, Adina Bojan, Anca |
author_facet | Damian, Marc-Tudor Vulturar, Romana Login, Cristian Cezar Damian, Laura Chis, Adina Bojan, Anca |
author_sort | Damian, Marc-Tudor |
collection | PubMed |
description | Recent years have brought about new understandings regarding the pathogenesis of anemia in sports. From hemodilution and redistribution considered to contribute to the so-called “sports anemia” to iron deficiency caused by increased demands, dietary restrictions, decreased absorption, increased losses, hemolysis, and sequestration, to genetic determinants of different types of anemia (some related to sport), the anemia in athletes deserves a careful and multifactorial approach. Dietary factors that reduce iron absorption (e.g., phytate, polyphenols) and that augment iron’s bioavailability (e.g., ascorbic acid) should be considered. Celiac disease, more prevalent in female athletes, may underlie an unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Iron loss during exercise occurs in several ways: sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, and intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. From a practical point of view, assessing iron status, especially in the athletes at risk for iron deficiency (females, adolescents, in sports with dietary restrictions, etc.), may improve the iron balance and possibly the performance. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin are measures that are easily employable for the evaluation of patients’ iron status. Cutoff values should probably be further assessed with respect to the sex, age, and type of sport. A healthy gut microbiome influences the iron status. Athletes at risk of iron deficiency should perform non-weight-bearing, low-intensity sports to avoid inducing hemolysis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8472039 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84720392021-09-28 Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review Damian, Marc-Tudor Vulturar, Romana Login, Cristian Cezar Damian, Laura Chis, Adina Bojan, Anca Life (Basel) Review Recent years have brought about new understandings regarding the pathogenesis of anemia in sports. From hemodilution and redistribution considered to contribute to the so-called “sports anemia” to iron deficiency caused by increased demands, dietary restrictions, decreased absorption, increased losses, hemolysis, and sequestration, to genetic determinants of different types of anemia (some related to sport), the anemia in athletes deserves a careful and multifactorial approach. Dietary factors that reduce iron absorption (e.g., phytate, polyphenols) and that augment iron’s bioavailability (e.g., ascorbic acid) should be considered. Celiac disease, more prevalent in female athletes, may underlie an unexplained iron deficiency anemia. Iron loss during exercise occurs in several ways: sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal bleeding, inflammation, and intravascular and extravascular hemolysis. From a practical point of view, assessing iron status, especially in the athletes at risk for iron deficiency (females, adolescents, in sports with dietary restrictions, etc.), may improve the iron balance and possibly the performance. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin are measures that are easily employable for the evaluation of patients’ iron status. Cutoff values should probably be further assessed with respect to the sex, age, and type of sport. A healthy gut microbiome influences the iron status. Athletes at risk of iron deficiency should perform non-weight-bearing, low-intensity sports to avoid inducing hemolysis. MDPI 2021-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8472039/ /pubmed/34575136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090987 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Damian, Marc-Tudor Vulturar, Romana Login, Cristian Cezar Damian, Laura Chis, Adina Bojan, Anca Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review |
title | Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review |
title_full | Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review |
title_fullStr | Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review |
title_short | Anemia in Sports: A Narrative Review |
title_sort | anemia in sports: a narrative review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472039/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34575136 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11090987 |
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