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Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes

Purpose: To assess relationships between diet quality and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from youth (55% African American, 70% female) ages 10–23 years with T2D (n...

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Autores principales: Kindler, Joseph M., Gallo, Sina, Khoury, Philip R., Urbina, Elaine M., Zemel, Babette S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472061/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579165
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093288
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author Kindler, Joseph M.
Gallo, Sina
Khoury, Philip R.
Urbina, Elaine M.
Zemel, Babette S.
author_facet Kindler, Joseph M.
Gallo, Sina
Khoury, Philip R.
Urbina, Elaine M.
Zemel, Babette S.
author_sort Kindler, Joseph M.
collection PubMed
description Purpose: To assess relationships between diet quality and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from youth (55% African American, 70% female) ages 10–23 years with T2D (n = 90), obesity (BMI > 95th; n = 128), or healthy weight (BMI < 85th; n = 197). Whole body (less head) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). aBMD was expressed as age-, sex-, and ancestry-specific standard deviation scores (Z-scores). Whole body aBMD Z-scores were adjusted for height-for-age Z-score. Diet was assessed via three-day diaries, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was computed. Total HEI score and HEI subcomponent scores were compared across groups, and associations with aBMD Z-scores were assessed via linear regression adjusted for group, age, sex, and ancestry. Results: Mean HEI was similar between the healthy weight, obesity, and T2D groups. Several HEI sub-components differed between groups, including meats and beans, total vegetables, milk, saturated fat, sodium, oils, and empty calories. The obesity and T2D group had significantly greater aBMD Z-scores compared to the healthy weight group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant positive association between HEI and aBMD Z-score (p < 0.05). The HEI sub-components for whole grains (p = 0.052) and empty calories (p < 0.05) were positively associated with aBMD Z-score. Conclusions: Individuals that followed a dietary pattern more closely aligned with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans had greater bone density. Since few studies have investigated the role of diet on bone in youth with obesity-related conditions, additional research is required among these populations.
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spelling pubmed-84720612021-09-28 Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Kindler, Joseph M. Gallo, Sina Khoury, Philip R. Urbina, Elaine M. Zemel, Babette S. Nutrients Article Purpose: To assess relationships between diet quality and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from youth (55% African American, 70% female) ages 10–23 years with T2D (n = 90), obesity (BMI > 95th; n = 128), or healthy weight (BMI < 85th; n = 197). Whole body (less head) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). aBMD was expressed as age-, sex-, and ancestry-specific standard deviation scores (Z-scores). Whole body aBMD Z-scores were adjusted for height-for-age Z-score. Diet was assessed via three-day diaries, and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was computed. Total HEI score and HEI subcomponent scores were compared across groups, and associations with aBMD Z-scores were assessed via linear regression adjusted for group, age, sex, and ancestry. Results: Mean HEI was similar between the healthy weight, obesity, and T2D groups. Several HEI sub-components differed between groups, including meats and beans, total vegetables, milk, saturated fat, sodium, oils, and empty calories. The obesity and T2D group had significantly greater aBMD Z-scores compared to the healthy weight group. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed a significant positive association between HEI and aBMD Z-score (p < 0.05). The HEI sub-components for whole grains (p = 0.052) and empty calories (p < 0.05) were positively associated with aBMD Z-score. Conclusions: Individuals that followed a dietary pattern more closely aligned with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans had greater bone density. Since few studies have investigated the role of diet on bone in youth with obesity-related conditions, additional research is required among these populations. MDPI 2021-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8472061/ /pubmed/34579165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093288 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kindler, Joseph M.
Gallo, Sina
Khoury, Philip R.
Urbina, Elaine M.
Zemel, Babette S.
Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
title Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
title_full Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
title_fullStr Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
title_short Diet Quality and Bone Density in Youth with Healthy Weight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes
title_sort diet quality and bone density in youth with healthy weight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472061/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579165
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093288
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