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Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a signifi...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810098 |
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author | Paradiso, Francesca Serpelloni, Stefano Francis, Lewis W. Taraballi, Francesca |
author_facet | Paradiso, Francesca Serpelloni, Stefano Francis, Lewis W. Taraballi, Francesca |
author_sort | Paradiso, Francesca |
collection | PubMed |
description | From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform’s level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8472581 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84725812021-09-28 Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model Paradiso, Francesca Serpelloni, Stefano Francis, Lewis W. Taraballi, Francesca Int J Mol Sci Review From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform’s level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements. MDPI 2021-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8472581/ /pubmed/34576261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810098 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Paradiso, Francesca Serpelloni, Stefano Francis, Lewis W. Taraballi, Francesca Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model |
title | Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model |
title_full | Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model |
title_fullStr | Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model |
title_short | Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model |
title_sort | mechanical studies of the third dimension in cancer: from 2d to 3d model |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472581/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810098 |
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