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Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model

From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a signifi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Paradiso, Francesca, Serpelloni, Stefano, Francis, Lewis W., Taraballi, Francesca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472581/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576261
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810098
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author Paradiso, Francesca
Serpelloni, Stefano
Francis, Lewis W.
Taraballi, Francesca
author_facet Paradiso, Francesca
Serpelloni, Stefano
Francis, Lewis W.
Taraballi, Francesca
author_sort Paradiso, Francesca
collection PubMed
description From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform’s level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements.
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spelling pubmed-84725812021-09-28 Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model Paradiso, Francesca Serpelloni, Stefano Francis, Lewis W. Taraballi, Francesca Int J Mol Sci Review From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform’s level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements. MDPI 2021-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8472581/ /pubmed/34576261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810098 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Paradiso, Francesca
Serpelloni, Stefano
Francis, Lewis W.
Taraballi, Francesca
Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_full Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_fullStr Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_short Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model
title_sort mechanical studies of the third dimension in cancer: from 2d to 3d model
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472581/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34576261
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810098
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