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Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale
Over the last few years, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been rebranded as water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), which recognize the resource recovery potential that exists in wastewater streams. WRRFs contribute to a circular economy by not only producing clean water but by recoverin...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189466 |
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author | Duque, Anouk F. Campo, Riccardo Val del Rio, Angeles Amorim, Catarina L. |
author_facet | Duque, Anouk F. Campo, Riccardo Val del Rio, Angeles Amorim, Catarina L. |
author_sort | Duque, Anouk F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Over the last few years, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been rebranded as water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), which recognize the resource recovery potential that exists in wastewater streams. WRRFs contribute to a circular economy by not only producing clean water but by recovering valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and other bio-based materials. To this aim, huge efforts in technological progress have been made to valorize sewage and sewage sludge, transforming them into valuable resources. This review summarizes some of the widely used and effective strategies applied at pilot- and full-scale settings in order to valorize the wastewater treatment process. An overview of the different technologies applied in the water and sludge line is presented, covering a broad range of resources, i.e., water, biomass, energy, nutrients, volatile fatty acids (VFA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and exopolymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, guidelines and regulations around the world related to water reuse and resource valorization are reviewed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8472693 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84726932021-09-28 Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale Duque, Anouk F. Campo, Riccardo Val del Rio, Angeles Amorim, Catarina L. Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Over the last few years, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been rebranded as water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs), which recognize the resource recovery potential that exists in wastewater streams. WRRFs contribute to a circular economy by not only producing clean water but by recovering valuable resources such as nutrients, energy, and other bio-based materials. To this aim, huge efforts in technological progress have been made to valorize sewage and sewage sludge, transforming them into valuable resources. This review summarizes some of the widely used and effective strategies applied at pilot- and full-scale settings in order to valorize the wastewater treatment process. An overview of the different technologies applied in the water and sludge line is presented, covering a broad range of resources, i.e., water, biomass, energy, nutrients, volatile fatty acids (VFA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and exopolymeric substances (EPS). Moreover, guidelines and regulations around the world related to water reuse and resource valorization are reviewed. MDPI 2021-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8472693/ /pubmed/34574414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189466 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Duque, Anouk F. Campo, Riccardo Val del Rio, Angeles Amorim, Catarina L. Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale |
title | Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale |
title_full | Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale |
title_fullStr | Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale |
title_full_unstemmed | Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale |
title_short | Wastewater Valorization: Practice around the World at Pilot- and Full-Scale |
title_sort | wastewater valorization: practice around the world at pilot- and full-scale |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34574414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189466 |
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