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Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons

Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underly...

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Autores principales: Kim, Hyunseong, Hong, Jin Young, Lee, Junseon, Jeon, Wan-Jin, Ha, In-Hyuk
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564607
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090603
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author Kim, Hyunseong
Hong, Jin Young
Lee, Junseon
Jeon, Wan-Jin
Ha, In-Hyuk
author_facet Kim, Hyunseong
Hong, Jin Young
Lee, Junseon
Jeon, Wan-Jin
Ha, In-Hyuk
author_sort Kim, Hyunseong
collection PubMed
description Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underlying mechanism and very little is known regarding the toxicological characterization of other compounds in bee venom. Here, cultured mature cortical neurons were treated with bee venom components, including apamin, phospholipase A2, and the main component, melittin. Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee venom caused a neurotoxic effect in dose-dependent manner, but apamin did not induce neurotoxicity in mature cortical neurons in doses of up to 10 µg/mL. Next, 1 and 10 µg/mL of apamin were applied to cultivate mature cortical neurons. Apamin accelerated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration after laceration injury. Furthermore, apamin induced the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin nerve growth factor, as well as regeneration-associated gene expression in mature cortical neurons. Due to its neurotherapeutic effects, apamin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases.
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spelling pubmed-84726982021-09-28 Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons Kim, Hyunseong Hong, Jin Young Lee, Junseon Jeon, Wan-Jin Ha, In-Hyuk Toxins (Basel) Article Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underlying mechanism and very little is known regarding the toxicological characterization of other compounds in bee venom. Here, cultured mature cortical neurons were treated with bee venom components, including apamin, phospholipase A2, and the main component, melittin. Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee venom caused a neurotoxic effect in dose-dependent manner, but apamin did not induce neurotoxicity in mature cortical neurons in doses of up to 10 µg/mL. Next, 1 and 10 µg/mL of apamin were applied to cultivate mature cortical neurons. Apamin accelerated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration after laceration injury. Furthermore, apamin induced the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin nerve growth factor, as well as regeneration-associated gene expression in mature cortical neurons. Due to its neurotherapeutic effects, apamin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8472698/ /pubmed/34564607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090603 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kim, Hyunseong
Hong, Jin Young
Lee, Junseon
Jeon, Wan-Jin
Ha, In-Hyuk
Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons
title Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons
title_full Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons
title_fullStr Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons
title_full_unstemmed Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons
title_short Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons
title_sort apamin enhances neurite outgrowth and regeneration after laceration injury in cortical neurons
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472698/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564607
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090603
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