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Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons
Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underly...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090603 |
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author | Kim, Hyunseong Hong, Jin Young Lee, Junseon Jeon, Wan-Jin Ha, In-Hyuk |
author_facet | Kim, Hyunseong Hong, Jin Young Lee, Junseon Jeon, Wan-Jin Ha, In-Hyuk |
author_sort | Kim, Hyunseong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underlying mechanism and very little is known regarding the toxicological characterization of other compounds in bee venom. Here, cultured mature cortical neurons were treated with bee venom components, including apamin, phospholipase A2, and the main component, melittin. Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee venom caused a neurotoxic effect in dose-dependent manner, but apamin did not induce neurotoxicity in mature cortical neurons in doses of up to 10 µg/mL. Next, 1 and 10 µg/mL of apamin were applied to cultivate mature cortical neurons. Apamin accelerated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration after laceration injury. Furthermore, apamin induced the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin nerve growth factor, as well as regeneration-associated gene expression in mature cortical neurons. Due to its neurotherapeutic effects, apamin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8472698 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84726982021-09-28 Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons Kim, Hyunseong Hong, Jin Young Lee, Junseon Jeon, Wan-Jin Ha, In-Hyuk Toxins (Basel) Article Apamin is a minor component of bee venom and is a polypeptide with 18 amino acid residues. Although apamin is considered a neurotoxic compound that blocks the potassium channel, its neuroprotective effects on neurons have been recently reported. However, there is little information about the underlying mechanism and very little is known regarding the toxicological characterization of other compounds in bee venom. Here, cultured mature cortical neurons were treated with bee venom components, including apamin, phospholipase A2, and the main component, melittin. Melittin and phospholipase A2 from bee venom caused a neurotoxic effect in dose-dependent manner, but apamin did not induce neurotoxicity in mature cortical neurons in doses of up to 10 µg/mL. Next, 1 and 10 µg/mL of apamin were applied to cultivate mature cortical neurons. Apamin accelerated neurite outgrowth and axon regeneration after laceration injury. Furthermore, apamin induced the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin nerve growth factor, as well as regeneration-associated gene expression in mature cortical neurons. Due to its neurotherapeutic effects, apamin may be a promising candidate for the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases. MDPI 2021-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8472698/ /pubmed/34564607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090603 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Hyunseong Hong, Jin Young Lee, Junseon Jeon, Wan-Jin Ha, In-Hyuk Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons |
title | Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons |
title_full | Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons |
title_fullStr | Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons |
title_full_unstemmed | Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons |
title_short | Apamin Enhances Neurite Outgrowth and Regeneration after Laceration Injury in Cortical Neurons |
title_sort | apamin enhances neurite outgrowth and regeneration after laceration injury in cortical neurons |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472698/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564607 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090603 |
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