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Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020
We used wastewater-based epidemiology and amplicon-based long-read high-throughput sequencing for surveillance of enteroviruses (EVs) in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States. We collected 48 samples from 13 sites in three municipalities between 18 June and 1 October 2020, and filtered (...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578384 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091803 |
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author | Faleye, Temitope O. C. Bowes, Devin A. Driver, Erin M. Adhikari, Sangeet Adams, Deborah Varsani, Arvind Halden, Rolf U. Scotch, Matthew |
author_facet | Faleye, Temitope O. C. Bowes, Devin A. Driver, Erin M. Adhikari, Sangeet Adams, Deborah Varsani, Arvind Halden, Rolf U. Scotch, Matthew |
author_sort | Faleye, Temitope O. C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | We used wastewater-based epidemiology and amplicon-based long-read high-throughput sequencing for surveillance of enteroviruses (EVs) in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States. We collected 48 samples from 13 sites in three municipalities between 18 June and 1 October 2020, and filtered (175 mL each; 0.45 µm pore size) and extracted RNA from the filter-trapped solids. The RNA was converted to cDNA and processed through two workflows (Sanger sequencing (SSW) and long-read Illumina sequencing (LRISW)) each including a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay. We subjected the ~350 bp amplicon from SSW to Sanger sequencing and the ~1900–2400 bp amplicon from LRISW to Illumina sequencing. We identified EV contigs from 11 of the 13 sites and 41.67% (20/48) of screened samples. Using the LRISW, we detected nine EV genotypes from three species (Enterovirus A (CVA4, EV-A76, EV-A90), Enterovirus B (E14) and Enterovirus C (CVA1, CVA11, CVA13, CVA19 and CVA24)) with Enterovirus C representing approximately 90% of the variants. However, the SSW only detected the five Enterovirus C types. Similarity and phylogenetic analysis showed that multiple Enterovirus C lineages were circulating, co-infecting and recombining in the population during the season despite the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the non-pharmaceutical public health measures taken to curb transmission. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8472758 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84727582021-09-28 Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020 Faleye, Temitope O. C. Bowes, Devin A. Driver, Erin M. Adhikari, Sangeet Adams, Deborah Varsani, Arvind Halden, Rolf U. Scotch, Matthew Viruses Article We used wastewater-based epidemiology and amplicon-based long-read high-throughput sequencing for surveillance of enteroviruses (EVs) in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States. We collected 48 samples from 13 sites in three municipalities between 18 June and 1 October 2020, and filtered (175 mL each; 0.45 µm pore size) and extracted RNA from the filter-trapped solids. The RNA was converted to cDNA and processed through two workflows (Sanger sequencing (SSW) and long-read Illumina sequencing (LRISW)) each including a nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) assay. We subjected the ~350 bp amplicon from SSW to Sanger sequencing and the ~1900–2400 bp amplicon from LRISW to Illumina sequencing. We identified EV contigs from 11 of the 13 sites and 41.67% (20/48) of screened samples. Using the LRISW, we detected nine EV genotypes from three species (Enterovirus A (CVA4, EV-A76, EV-A90), Enterovirus B (E14) and Enterovirus C (CVA1, CVA11, CVA13, CVA19 and CVA24)) with Enterovirus C representing approximately 90% of the variants. However, the SSW only detected the five Enterovirus C types. Similarity and phylogenetic analysis showed that multiple Enterovirus C lineages were circulating, co-infecting and recombining in the population during the season despite the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the non-pharmaceutical public health measures taken to curb transmission. MDPI 2021-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8472758/ /pubmed/34578384 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091803 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Faleye, Temitope O. C. Bowes, Devin A. Driver, Erin M. Adhikari, Sangeet Adams, Deborah Varsani, Arvind Halden, Rolf U. Scotch, Matthew Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020 |
title | Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020 |
title_full | Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020 |
title_fullStr | Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020 |
title_full_unstemmed | Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020 |
title_short | Wastewater-Based Epidemiology and Long-Read Sequencing to Identify Enterovirus Circulation in Three Municipalities in Maricopa County, Arizona, Southwest United States between June and October 2020 |
title_sort | wastewater-based epidemiology and long-read sequencing to identify enterovirus circulation in three municipalities in maricopa county, arizona, southwest united states between june and october 2020 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472758/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578384 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091803 |
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