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Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System
Cyanobacteria are capable of producing a wide range of bioactive compounds with many considered to be toxins. Although there are a number of toxicological outcomes with respect to cyanobacterial exposure, this review aims to examine those which affect the central nervous system (CNS) or have neuroto...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472772/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090660 |
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author | Metcalf, James S. Tischbein, Maeve Cox, Paul Alan Stommel, Elijah W. |
author_facet | Metcalf, James S. Tischbein, Maeve Cox, Paul Alan Stommel, Elijah W. |
author_sort | Metcalf, James S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cyanobacteria are capable of producing a wide range of bioactive compounds with many considered to be toxins. Although there are a number of toxicological outcomes with respect to cyanobacterial exposure, this review aims to examine those which affect the central nervous system (CNS) or have neurotoxicological properties. Such exposures can be acute or chronic, and we detail issues concerning CNS entry, detection and remediation. Exposure can occur through a variety of media but, increasingly, exposure through air via inhalation may have greater significance and requires further investigation. Even though cyanobacterial toxins have traditionally been classified based on their primary mode of toxicity, increasing evidence suggests that some also possess neurotoxic properties and include known cyanotoxins and unknown compounds. Furthermore, chronic long-term exposure to these compounds is increasingly being identified as adversely affecting human health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8472772 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84727722021-09-28 Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System Metcalf, James S. Tischbein, Maeve Cox, Paul Alan Stommel, Elijah W. Toxins (Basel) Review Cyanobacteria are capable of producing a wide range of bioactive compounds with many considered to be toxins. Although there are a number of toxicological outcomes with respect to cyanobacterial exposure, this review aims to examine those which affect the central nervous system (CNS) or have neurotoxicological properties. Such exposures can be acute or chronic, and we detail issues concerning CNS entry, detection and remediation. Exposure can occur through a variety of media but, increasingly, exposure through air via inhalation may have greater significance and requires further investigation. Even though cyanobacterial toxins have traditionally been classified based on their primary mode of toxicity, increasing evidence suggests that some also possess neurotoxic properties and include known cyanotoxins and unknown compounds. Furthermore, chronic long-term exposure to these compounds is increasingly being identified as adversely affecting human health. MDPI 2021-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8472772/ /pubmed/34564664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090660 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Metcalf, James S. Tischbein, Maeve Cox, Paul Alan Stommel, Elijah W. Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System |
title | Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System |
title_full | Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System |
title_fullStr | Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System |
title_full_unstemmed | Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System |
title_short | Cyanotoxins and the Nervous System |
title_sort | cyanotoxins and the nervous system |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8472772/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34564664 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13090660 |
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