An Assessment of ASTM E1922 for Measuring the Translaminar Fracture Toughness of Laminated Polymer Matrix Composite Materials

The main objective of this work is to predict the exact value of the fracture toughness (K(Q)) of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP). The drawback of the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) E1922 specimen is the lack of intact fibers behind the crack-tip as in the real case, i.e., through-thickness cracked (TTC) specimen. The novelty of this research is to overcome this deficiency by suggesting unprecedented cracked specimens, i.e., matrix cracked (MC) specimens. This MC exists in the matrix (epoxy) without cutting the glass fibers behind the crack-tip in the unidirectional laminated composite. Two different cracked specimen geometries according to ASTM E1922 and ASTM D3039 were tested. 3-D FEA was adopted to predict the damage failure and geometry correction factor of cracked specimens. The results of the TTC ASTM E1922 specimen showed that the crack initiated perpendicular to the fiber direction up to 1 mm. Failure then occurred due to crack propagation parallel to the fiber direction, i.e., notch insensitivity. As expected, the K(Q) of the MC ASTM D3039 specimen is higher than that of the TTC ASTM D3039 specimen. The K(Q) of the MC specimen with two layers is about 1.3 times that of the MC specimen with one layer.