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Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines
Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the strategies of viruses to evade the functioning of...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090949 |
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author | Khan, Masood Alam Khan, Arif |
author_facet | Khan, Masood Alam Khan, Arif |
author_sort | Khan, Masood Alam |
collection | PubMed |
description | Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the strategies of viruses to evade the functioning of NKT cell have been illustrated. The nanoparticle-based formulations have superior immunoadjuvant potential by facilitating the efficient antigen processing and presentation that favorably elicits the antigen-specific immune response. Finally, the immunoadjuvant potential of the NKT cell ligand was explored in the development of antiviral vaccines. The use of an NKT cell-activating nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery system was supported in order to avoid the NKT cell anergy. The results from the animal and preclinical studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-incorporated NKT cell ligands may have potential implications as an immunoadjuvant in the formulation of an effective antiviral vaccine that is capable of eliciting the antigen-specific activation of the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8473043 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84730432021-09-28 Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines Khan, Masood Alam Khan, Arif Vaccines (Basel) Review Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the present review, the antiviral role of the NKT cells and the strategies of viruses to evade the functioning of NKT cell have been illustrated. The nanoparticle-based formulations have superior immunoadjuvant potential by facilitating the efficient antigen processing and presentation that favorably elicits the antigen-specific immune response. Finally, the immunoadjuvant potential of the NKT cell ligand was explored in the development of antiviral vaccines. The use of an NKT cell-activating nanoparticle-based vaccine delivery system was supported in order to avoid the NKT cell anergy. The results from the animal and preclinical studies demonstrated that nanoparticle-incorporated NKT cell ligands may have potential implications as an immunoadjuvant in the formulation of an effective antiviral vaccine that is capable of eliciting the antigen-specific activation of the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. MDPI 2021-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8473043/ /pubmed/34579186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090949 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Khan, Masood Alam Khan, Arif Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
title | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
title_full | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
title_fullStr | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
title_short | Role of NKT Cells during Viral Infection and the Development of NKT Cell-Based Nanovaccines |
title_sort | role of nkt cells during viral infection and the development of nkt cell-based nanovaccines |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34579186 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9090949 |
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