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Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses
Equid Gamma herpesvirus (eGHV) infections have been reported worldwide and may be correlated with clinical signs, e.g., affecting the respiratory tract in young horses. eGHV are shed by healthy horses as well as horses with respiratory tract disease. The prevalence in healthy Swiss horses is unknown...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578268 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091686 |
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author | Scheurer, Laura Bachofen, Claudia Hardmeier, Isabelle Lechmann, Julia Schoster, Angelika |
author_facet | Scheurer, Laura Bachofen, Claudia Hardmeier, Isabelle Lechmann, Julia Schoster, Angelika |
author_sort | Scheurer, Laura |
collection | PubMed |
description | Equid Gamma herpesvirus (eGHV) infections have been reported worldwide and may be correlated with clinical signs, e.g., affecting the respiratory tract in young horses. eGHV are shed by healthy horses as well as horses with respiratory tract disease. The prevalence in healthy Swiss horses is unknown to date but this data would provide valuable information for causal diagnosis in clinical cases and formulation of biosecurity recommendations. Nasal swabs from 68 healthy horses from 12 Swiss stables and 2 stables near the Swiss border region in Germany were analyzed by panherpes nested PCR. Positive samples were sequenced. A multivariable model was used to determine if sex, age, breed, canton, or stable had a significant effect on the shedding status of each detected eGHV. Overall, the eGHV prevalence was 59% (n = 68); the prevalence for equid herpesvirus-2 (EHV-2), equid herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) and asinine herpesvirus-5 (AHV-5) was 38%, 12% and 9%, respectively. Co-infections with multiple eGHVs were observed in 25% of the positive samples. The odds of shedding EHV-2 decreased with age (p = 0.01) whereas the odds of shedding AHV-5 increased with age (p = 0.04). Breed, sex, canton, or stable had no significant association with eGHV shedding. As EHV-2 shedding was common in healthy horses a positive PCR result must be interpreted with caution regarding the formulation of biosecurity recommendations and causal diagnosis. As EHV-5 and AHV-5 shedding was less common than EHV-2, a positive test result is more likely to be of clinical relevance. Shedding of multiple eGHV complicates the interpretation of positive test results in a horse. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8473365 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84733652021-09-28 Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses Scheurer, Laura Bachofen, Claudia Hardmeier, Isabelle Lechmann, Julia Schoster, Angelika Viruses Article Equid Gamma herpesvirus (eGHV) infections have been reported worldwide and may be correlated with clinical signs, e.g., affecting the respiratory tract in young horses. eGHV are shed by healthy horses as well as horses with respiratory tract disease. The prevalence in healthy Swiss horses is unknown to date but this data would provide valuable information for causal diagnosis in clinical cases and formulation of biosecurity recommendations. Nasal swabs from 68 healthy horses from 12 Swiss stables and 2 stables near the Swiss border region in Germany were analyzed by panherpes nested PCR. Positive samples were sequenced. A multivariable model was used to determine if sex, age, breed, canton, or stable had a significant effect on the shedding status of each detected eGHV. Overall, the eGHV prevalence was 59% (n = 68); the prevalence for equid herpesvirus-2 (EHV-2), equid herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5) and asinine herpesvirus-5 (AHV-5) was 38%, 12% and 9%, respectively. Co-infections with multiple eGHVs were observed in 25% of the positive samples. The odds of shedding EHV-2 decreased with age (p = 0.01) whereas the odds of shedding AHV-5 increased with age (p = 0.04). Breed, sex, canton, or stable had no significant association with eGHV shedding. As EHV-2 shedding was common in healthy horses a positive PCR result must be interpreted with caution regarding the formulation of biosecurity recommendations and causal diagnosis. As EHV-5 and AHV-5 shedding was less common than EHV-2, a positive test result is more likely to be of clinical relevance. Shedding of multiple eGHV complicates the interpretation of positive test results in a horse. MDPI 2021-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8473365/ /pubmed/34578268 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091686 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Scheurer, Laura Bachofen, Claudia Hardmeier, Isabelle Lechmann, Julia Schoster, Angelika Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses |
title | Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses |
title_full | Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses |
title_fullStr | Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses |
title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses |
title_short | Prevalence of Nasal Shedding of Equid Gammaherpesviruses in Healthy Swiss Horses |
title_sort | prevalence of nasal shedding of equid gammaherpesviruses in healthy swiss horses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473365/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34578268 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13091686 |
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