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Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease

Ketogenic diets have been utilized for many years to improve health, and as a dietary approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, where the mechanism of these low carbohydrate and high fat diets is widely considered to be through the production of metabolic products of fat breakdown, called k...

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Autores principales: Pain, Erwann, Shinhmar, Sonia, Williams, Robin S. B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589488
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.722066
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author Pain, Erwann
Shinhmar, Sonia
Williams, Robin S. B.
author_facet Pain, Erwann
Shinhmar, Sonia
Williams, Robin S. B.
author_sort Pain, Erwann
collection PubMed
description Ketogenic diets have been utilized for many years to improve health, and as a dietary approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, where the mechanism of these low carbohydrate and high fat diets is widely considered to be through the production of metabolic products of fat breakdown, called ketones. One of these diets, the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet, involves high fat dietary intake in the form of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), decanoic and octanoic acid, and is commonly used in endurance and high intensity exercises but has also demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of numerous pathologies including drug resistant epilepsy, cancer, and diabetes. Recent advances, using Dictyostelium discoideum as a model, have controversially proposed several direct molecular mechanisms for decanoic acid in this diet, independent of ketone generation. Studies in this model have identified that decanoic acid reduces phosphoinositide turnover, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activity, and also inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These discoveries could potentially impact the treatment of a range of disorders including epilepsy, cancer and bipolar disorder. In this review, we summarize the newly proposed mechanisms for decanoic acid, identified using D. discoideum, and highlight potential roles in health and disease treatment.
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spelling pubmed-84738792021-09-28 Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease Pain, Erwann Shinhmar, Sonia Williams, Robin S. B. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Ketogenic diets have been utilized for many years to improve health, and as a dietary approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, where the mechanism of these low carbohydrate and high fat diets is widely considered to be through the production of metabolic products of fat breakdown, called ketones. One of these diets, the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet, involves high fat dietary intake in the form of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), decanoic and octanoic acid, and is commonly used in endurance and high intensity exercises but has also demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of numerous pathologies including drug resistant epilepsy, cancer, and diabetes. Recent advances, using Dictyostelium discoideum as a model, have controversially proposed several direct molecular mechanisms for decanoic acid in this diet, independent of ketone generation. Studies in this model have identified that decanoic acid reduces phosphoinositide turnover, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activity, and also inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These discoveries could potentially impact the treatment of a range of disorders including epilepsy, cancer and bipolar disorder. In this review, we summarize the newly proposed mechanisms for decanoic acid, identified using D. discoideum, and highlight potential roles in health and disease treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8473879/ /pubmed/34589488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.722066 Text en Copyright © 2021 Pain, Shinhmar and Williams. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Pain, Erwann
Shinhmar, Sonia
Williams, Robin S. B.
Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
title Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
title_full Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
title_fullStr Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
title_full_unstemmed Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
title_short Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
title_sort using dictyostelium to advance our understanding of the role of medium chain fatty acids in health and disease
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589488
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.722066
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