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Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease
Ketogenic diets have been utilized for many years to improve health, and as a dietary approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, where the mechanism of these low carbohydrate and high fat diets is widely considered to be through the production of metabolic products of fat breakdown, called k...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.722066 |
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author | Pain, Erwann Shinhmar, Sonia Williams, Robin S. B. |
author_facet | Pain, Erwann Shinhmar, Sonia Williams, Robin S. B. |
author_sort | Pain, Erwann |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ketogenic diets have been utilized for many years to improve health, and as a dietary approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, where the mechanism of these low carbohydrate and high fat diets is widely considered to be through the production of metabolic products of fat breakdown, called ketones. One of these diets, the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet, involves high fat dietary intake in the form of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), decanoic and octanoic acid, and is commonly used in endurance and high intensity exercises but has also demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of numerous pathologies including drug resistant epilepsy, cancer, and diabetes. Recent advances, using Dictyostelium discoideum as a model, have controversially proposed several direct molecular mechanisms for decanoic acid in this diet, independent of ketone generation. Studies in this model have identified that decanoic acid reduces phosphoinositide turnover, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activity, and also inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These discoveries could potentially impact the treatment of a range of disorders including epilepsy, cancer and bipolar disorder. In this review, we summarize the newly proposed mechanisms for decanoic acid, identified using D. discoideum, and highlight potential roles in health and disease treatment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8473879 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84738792021-09-28 Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease Pain, Erwann Shinhmar, Sonia Williams, Robin S. B. Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology Ketogenic diets have been utilized for many years to improve health, and as a dietary approach for the treatment of a range of diseases, where the mechanism of these low carbohydrate and high fat diets is widely considered to be through the production of metabolic products of fat breakdown, called ketones. One of these diets, the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet, involves high fat dietary intake in the form of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), decanoic and octanoic acid, and is commonly used in endurance and high intensity exercises but has also demonstrated beneficial effects in the treatment of numerous pathologies including drug resistant epilepsy, cancer, and diabetes. Recent advances, using Dictyostelium discoideum as a model, have controversially proposed several direct molecular mechanisms for decanoic acid in this diet, independent of ketone generation. Studies in this model have identified that decanoic acid reduces phosphoinositide turnover, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activity, and also inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). These discoveries could potentially impact the treatment of a range of disorders including epilepsy, cancer and bipolar disorder. In this review, we summarize the newly proposed mechanisms for decanoic acid, identified using D. discoideum, and highlight potential roles in health and disease treatment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8473879/ /pubmed/34589488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.722066 Text en Copyright © 2021 Pain, Shinhmar and Williams. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Cell and Developmental Biology Pain, Erwann Shinhmar, Sonia Williams, Robin S. B. Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease |
title | Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease |
title_full | Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease |
title_fullStr | Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease |
title_short | Using Dictyostelium to Advance Our Understanding of the Role of Medium Chain Fatty Acids in Health and Disease |
title_sort | using dictyostelium to advance our understanding of the role of medium chain fatty acids in health and disease |
topic | Cell and Developmental Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8473879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589488 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2021.722066 |
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