Type 2 Diabetes and Change in Total Hip Bone Area and Bone Mineral Density in Swedish Men and Women Older Than 55 Years

CONTEXT: In a cross-sectional study, we found an association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and smaller bone area together with greater bone mineral density (BMD) at the total hip. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to investigate these associations longitudinally, by studying T2DM status (no T2DM n = 1521, incident T2DM n = 119, or prevalent T2DM n = 106) in relation to changes in total hip bone area and BMD. METHODS: In 3 cohorts, the Swedish Mammography Cohort Clinical (SMCC; n = 1060), Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS; n = 483), and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM; n = 203), with repeat assessment of T2DM status and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of total hip bone area and BMD on average 8 years apart, a linear regression model was used to assess the effect of T2DM status on change in bone area and BMD at the total hip. RESULTS: After meta-analysis, the change in bone area at the total hip was 0.5% lower among those with incident T2DM compared to those without T2DM (–0.18 cm(2); 95% CI, –0.30 to –0.06). The change in bone area was similar among those with prevalent T2DM compared to those without (0.00 cm(2); 95% CI, –0.13 to 0.13). For BMD, the combined estimate was 0.004 g/cm(2) (95% CI, –0.006 to 0.014) among those with incident T2DM and 0.010 g/cm(2) (95% CI, –0.000 to 0.020) among those with prevalent T2DM, compared to those without T2DM. CONCLUSION: Those with incident T2DM have a lower expansion in bone area at the total hip compared to those without T2DM.