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Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study
INTRODUCTION: The unknown and uncontrollable situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have triggered changes in pain, anxiety, and depression along with a perception of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms. OBJECTIVES: We determined how anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes varied...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Wolters Kluwer
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000958 |
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author | Colloca, Luana Thomas, Sharon Yin, Margaret Haycock, Nathaniel R. Wang, Yang |
author_facet | Colloca, Luana Thomas, Sharon Yin, Margaret Haycock, Nathaniel R. Wang, Yang |
author_sort | Colloca, Luana |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: The unknown and uncontrollable situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have triggered changes in pain, anxiety, and depression along with a perception of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms. OBJECTIVES: We determined how anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes varied during the “Stay-at-Home” order compared with the prepandemic period and whether nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms would occur. METHODS: We conducted an online survey to opportunistically reassess clinical anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference while controlling for somatic symptom severity during the prepandemic and Stay-at-Home order period. During the Stay-at-Home period, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference were reassessed. Coping strategies were assessed as a critical factor influencing pain behaviors. In addition, we explored the occurrence of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms with an ad hoc survey referencing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publicly available COVID-19 symptoms. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in depression and anxiety levels during the Stay-at-Home period. Coping strategy changes (eg, increased exercise) were linked to lower pain severity and interference which improved overall. Participants who self-reported nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms had higher prepandemic depression. Among the 72 participants not diagnosed with COVID-19, 70.8% of the participants experienced symptoms resembling those associated with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: We suggest the parallel between pain outcome improvement and worsening anxiety and depression during the Stay-at-Home order might reflect a shift in symptoms, indicating that those patients with underlying mood disorders may require more help than they did before the pandemic. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8476053 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Wolters Kluwer |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-84760532021-09-28 Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study Colloca, Luana Thomas, Sharon Yin, Margaret Haycock, Nathaniel R. Wang, Yang Pain Rep COVID-19 and pain INTRODUCTION: The unknown and uncontrollable situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have triggered changes in pain, anxiety, and depression along with a perception of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms. OBJECTIVES: We determined how anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes varied during the “Stay-at-Home” order compared with the prepandemic period and whether nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms would occur. METHODS: We conducted an online survey to opportunistically reassess clinical anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference while controlling for somatic symptom severity during the prepandemic and Stay-at-Home order period. During the Stay-at-Home period, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference were reassessed. Coping strategies were assessed as a critical factor influencing pain behaviors. In addition, we explored the occurrence of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms with an ad hoc survey referencing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publicly available COVID-19 symptoms. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in depression and anxiety levels during the Stay-at-Home period. Coping strategy changes (eg, increased exercise) were linked to lower pain severity and interference which improved overall. Participants who self-reported nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms had higher prepandemic depression. Among the 72 participants not diagnosed with COVID-19, 70.8% of the participants experienced symptoms resembling those associated with COVID-19. CONCLUSION: We suggest the parallel between pain outcome improvement and worsening anxiety and depression during the Stay-at-Home order might reflect a shift in symptoms, indicating that those patients with underlying mood disorders may require more help than they did before the pandemic. Wolters Kluwer 2021-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8476053/ /pubmed/34589641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000958 Text en Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The International Association for the Study of Pain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. |
spellingShingle | COVID-19 and pain Colloca, Luana Thomas, Sharon Yin, Margaret Haycock, Nathaniel R. Wang, Yang Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study |
title | Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study |
title_full | Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study |
title_fullStr | Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study |
title_full_unstemmed | Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study |
title_short | Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study |
title_sort | pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the covid-19 pandemic in the united states: an opportunistic study |
topic | COVID-19 and pain |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8476053/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34589641 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000958 |
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